露(lu)點(dian)儀(yi)該尺度(du)(du)(du)裝置的(de)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)/霜(shuang)點(dian)溫度(du)(du)(du)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)范圍(wei)是：（-95～+20）℃，示值答應誤差：±0.1℃露(lu)(lu)點(dian)/霜(shuang)點(dian)；相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)范圍(wei)是：（10～95）％,相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)答應誤差：±0.5％RH，技術指標與國家計量(liang)(liang)院尺度(du)(du)(du)裝置相(xiang)同,檢測能(neng)力幾乎籠蓋了所有(you)濕度(du)(du)(du)和微量(liang)(liang)水分的(de)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)儀器的(de)檢定，較好地知足了我省經濟(ji)建設(she)中(zhong)各行業(ye)(ye)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)控制的(de)要求。一般露(lu)(lu)點(dian)儀的(de)選型有(you)以(yi)下原則：露(lu)(lu)點(dian)儀就(jiu)是丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)直接丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)溫度(du)(du)(du)的(de)儀器。廣泛應用于油、化工、干(gan)燥劑制造(zao)商和用戶(hu)、電力系統SF6露(lu)(lu)點(dian)檢測、半導體系體例造(zao)、干(gan)燥產業(ye)(ye)、食物產業(ye)(ye)、塑料(liao)基片干(gan)燥、分(fen)體式露點儀機械(xie)制造和(he)(he)空分(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)其它(ta)行業各種(zhong)氣體中微量(liang)水分(fen)(fen)含量(liang)防爆場合的(de)(de)便攜分(fen)(fen)析。其工作原理(li)是(shi)讓樣(yang)氣流經露(lu)點冷鏡(jing)(jing)室(shi)的(de)(de)冷凝鏡(jing)(jing)，通過等(deng)壓制冷，使(shi)得樣(yang)氣達到飽和(he)(he)結(jie)(jie)露(lu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)（冷凝鏡(jing)(jing)上有液(ye)滴析出），丈量(liang)冷凝鏡(jing)(jing)此時的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)等(deng)于(yu)樣(yang)氣的(de)(de)露(lu)點。在露(lu)點儀的(de)(de)設計中要(yao)著重(zhong)(zhong)考慮直接影響結(jie)(jie)露(lu)過程熱(re)質交換的(de)(de)各種(zhong)因素，這里主要(yao)說的(de)(de)是(shi)鏡(jing)(jing)面降溫(wen)速(su)度(du)和(he)(he)樣(yang)氣流速(su)方面的(de)(de)一些(xie)題目。在露(lu)點丈量(liang)中鏡(jing)(jing)面降溫(wen)速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)控制是(shi)一個重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)題目，便(bian)攜式露點儀對于(yu)自(zi)動光電露點儀(yi)是(shi)(shi)由(you)設(she)計決(jue)定的(de)(de)，而對于(yu)手控制冷(leng)量的(de)(de)露點儀(yi)則是(shi)(shi)操(cao)(cao)縱中的(de)(de)題目。解決(jue)的(de)(de)辦法之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)重復加熱和(he)冷(leng)卻鏡面的(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)縱，直(zhi)到這種(zhong)現象(xiang)消除(chu)為止。我們知(zhi)道(dao)，在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定前提下(xia)，水汽達到飽和(he)狀(zhuang)態時，液相仍舊不(bu)泛起，或者水在(zai)零(ling)度以下(xia)時仍不(bu)結冰，露點儀(yi)這種(zhong)現象(xiang)稱為過(guo)飽和(he)或“過(guo)冷(leng)”。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)進行低霜(shuang)點丈量時，流(liu)速應適當(dang)進步(bu)，以加快露層(ceng)形成速度，但是(shi)(shi)流(liu)速不(bu)能太大，否則會造成過(guo)熱題目。并且這樣作恰恰與景象(xiang)形象(xiang)系(xi)統低于(yu)零(ling)度時的(de)(de)相對濕度定義(yi)相吻合(he)。第一(yi)(yi)，被(bei)測氣體(ti)的(de)(de)溫度通(tong)常都是(shi)(shi)室溫。為了減小傳熱的(de)(de)影響，可考(kao)慮在(zai)被(bei)測氣體(ti)進入露點室之(zhi)前進行預(yu)冷(leng)處理。

        便攜式露點儀提供串口或(huo)USB接口，與(yu)計算機采用(yong)產(chan)業尺度的ModBus通信協(xie)議，并(bing)可聯網(wang)使用(yong)。 便攜式露點儀(yi)流(liu)速(su)(su)太(tai)大還會導致(zhi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)壓力降(jiang)低而(er)(er)流(liu)速(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變又(you)將(jiang)影(ying)(ying)響體(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱平衡。假如在(zai)(zai)校準過(guo)程中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)或(huo)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)值不(bu)不(bu)亂(luan)，即環境影(ying)(ying)響降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)過(guo)程或(huo)假設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PW為(wei)一常數前(qian)提(ti)不(bu)知足(zu)，自校準功能(neng)將(jiang)會在(zai)(zai)設(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)距離后又(you)一次執行，依次類推，直(zhi)至溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)亂(luan)后才輸出真實露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但這(zhe)是一項(xiang)很(hen)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術，對于環境氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)水(shui)(shui)份(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)式(shi)在(zai)(zai)線監(jian)測具(ju)有(you)(you)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。另一個(ge)解決辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過(guo)冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)汽壓數據。便攜(xie)式(shi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半導體(ti)(ti)傳感器露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)每個(ge)水(shui)(shui)分子都具(ju)有(you)(you)其(qi)天然振動頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)，當它(ta)進(jin)入半導體(ti)(ti)晶格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曠地空閑時(shi)(shi)，就和(he)(he)受到充(chong)電(dian)激勵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶格(ge)產生共(gong)振，其(qi)共(gong)振頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)與水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩爾數成(cheng)正比(bi)。一般露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怎樣去選(xuan)型呢？露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)能(neng)與價(jia)(jia)格(ge)也(ye)(ye)相差懸殊，這(zhe)就要(yao)求我們選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器時(shi)(shi)要(yao)謹嚴小(xiao)心，不(bu)但要(yao)考慮到機(ji)能(neng)和(he)(he)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)，還應(ying)該(gai)考慮到儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合和(he)(he)所測氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類及侵蝕性等。充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)路設(she)有(you)(you)過(guo)充(chong)保護裝置，當電(dian)池充(chong)足(zu)后，充(chong)電(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)會熄滅在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)要(yao)留意一些(xie)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題目，首先要(yao)嚴格(ge)按照仿單所寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序來(lai)進(jin)行操(cao)(cao)縱，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)要(yao)封閉露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)源和(he)(he)采樣氣(qi)(qi)路，鏡面(mian)式(shi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)同水(shui)(shui)份(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鏡面(mian)上(shang)會結(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。過(guo)冷(leng)現(xian)象是短暫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，共(gong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)是非(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)霜(shuang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)關(guan)。這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)又(you)隨使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測溫(wen)(wen)元件不(bu)同而(er)(er)異(yi)，例如因(yin)為(wei)結(jie)構關(guan)系，鉑(bo)電(dian)阻(zu)感溫(wen)(wen)元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與鏡面(mian)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)(du)比(bi)較大，熱傳導速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)比(bi)較慢，從而(er)(er)使測溫(wen)(wen)順結(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)不(bu)能(neng)同步進(jin)行。在(zai)(zai)什么情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)來(lai)代(dai)替“壓力露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”?露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產業現(xian)場(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)SHAW露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計間(jian)歇取(qu)樣丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)空氣(qi)(qi)“壓力露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”步驟相稱麻煩，往往因(yin)測試前(qian)提(ti)不(bu)完備而(er)(er)影(ying)(ying)響測試結(jie)果。露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就是丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器。通過(guo)多(duo)項(xiang)尖端技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，確(que)保了(le)維(wei)薩拉(la)公(gong)司(Vaisala)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)各行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期不(bu)亂(luan)精確(que)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，分體(ti)(ti)式(shi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):車間(jian)、廠房、倉(cang)庫、藏書樓、辦(ban)公(gong)室(shi)、微(wei)機(ji)房、實驗室(shi)等環境溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)監(jian)測。 露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)該(gai)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型廠家(jia)代(dai)表為(wei)英國Alpha濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器公(gong)司，愛爾蘭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PANAMETRICS公(gong)司及美(mei)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)XENTAUR公(gong)司。當其(qi)它(ta)前(qian)提(ti)固定時(shi)(shi)，加大流(liu)速(su)(su)將(jiang)有(you)(you)利于氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)和(he)(he)鏡面(mian)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳質。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)晶體(ti)(ti)沾濕(shi)(shi)后振蕩頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)改(gai)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)設(she)計晶體(ti)(ti)振蕩式(shi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。因(yin)此用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)測“壓力露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”誤(wu)差并不(bu)很(hen)大。所以(yi)(yi)熱慣性將(jiang)影(ying)(ying)響結(jie)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(霜(shuang))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程和(he)(he)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，給丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)結(jie)果帶來(lai)誤(wu)差。目前(qian)國際(ji)上(shang)最(zui)高精度(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)到±1.0℃(露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du))，一般精度(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)達(da)到±3℃以(yi)(yi)內(nei)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)空氣(qi)(qi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，特(te)別是在(zai)(zai)被測空氣(qi)(qi)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)極低時(shi)(shi)，操(cao)(cao)縱要(yao)十分仔細和(he)(he)耐心。目前(qian)市場(chang)上(shang)流(liu)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾種(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)重量(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、冷(leng)鏡法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)阻(zu)容(rong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，其(qi)中(zhong)尤(you)以(yi)(yi)冷(leng)鏡法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)阻(zu)容(rong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較為(wei)普(pu)遍(bian)，而(er)(er)這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器都有(you)(you)各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)處(chu)及不(bu)足(zu)；露點儀我們從濕度(du)丈量(liang)的(de)幾種常見方法入手，分析其各(ge)自的(de)優和缺點并列(lie)舉海(hai)內具有提高前輩代表(biao)性的(de)露點儀。

       便攜(xie)式露點儀當運行(xing)時保(bao)護室內通過檢測器自(zi)動(dong)屏(ping)蔽，使(shi)儀器處于(yu)丈量狀態，反之封閉電(dian)源時自(zi)動(dong)保(bao)護．每次充電(dian)時間根據(ju)實際(ji)剩余電(dian)量而不(bu)同，一般小于(yu)12小時。第(di)二，在(zai)露點(dian)(dian)丈量中(zhong)鏡面降溫速度的(de)控制(zhi)是(shi)一個重要題(ti)目，對(dui)于(yu)自(zi)動(dong)光電(dian)露點(dian)(dian)儀是(shi)由(you)設計決定的(de)，而對(dui)于(yu)手控制(zhi)冷量的(de)露點(dian)(dian)儀則是(shi)操縱(zong)中(zhong)的(de)題(ti)目。因為某些(xie)化學物質氣體分(fen)子長期會萃在(zai)濕敏器件內部會影響(xiang)丈量精度。便攜式露點(dian)(dian)儀利用五(wu)氧化二磷(lin)等材料吸濕后分(fen)解成(cheng)極(ji)(ji)性分(fen)子，從而在(zai)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)上積(ji)累電(dian)荷(he)的(de)特性，設計出建立在(zai)絕對(dui)含濕量單位制(zhi)上的(de)電(dian)解法(fa)微水份儀。分體式露點儀每個(ge)水分(fen)子都(dou)具(ju)有(you)其天然振動(dong)頻率，當它進入半導(dao)體晶(jing)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曠(kuang)地空(kong)(kong)閑時，就和受(shou)到充電激勵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)格產生共振，其共振頻率與水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩爾數成正(zheng)比。另外(wai)(wai)處(chu)(chu)于蒸(zheng)發器與預冷(leng)(leng)器之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水分(fen)離(li)器”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)離(li)效率也不(bu)可能是(shi)100%，總(zong)有(you)一部門分(fen)離(li)不(bu)盡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細小水滴會隨氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)進入預冷(leng)(leng)器，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)那里“二次蒸(zheng)發”還原成水蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，使(shi)壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)含水量(liang)(liang)(liang)增加，露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)上升。所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)速是(shi)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，流(liu)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇應(ying)視制冷(leng)(leng)方(fang)法(fa)和露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構而定。一般在(zai)(zai)(zai)企業基準或實驗(yan)室(shi)(shi)分(fen)析：假如(ru)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)正(zheng)確度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求較高(gao)，可選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)(leng)鏡(jing)(jing)法(fa)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)，假如(ru)量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)要(yao)求較低(di)（露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)-80℃以(yi)下）且氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體較清(qing)潔，可選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電解(jie)法(fa)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)。所(suo)有(you)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一段(duan)時間(jian)后(hou)(hou)都(dou)會發生漂移，大多數露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)客戶(hu)(hu)是(shi)不(bu)能自(zi)己(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)校正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只能頻繁地送到廠(chang)家花費一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財力(li)(li)及時間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)校正(zheng)，為了(le)利(li)便客戶(hu)(hu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)都(dou)能使(shi)客戶(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)己(ji)能找到尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)濕度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，通過(guo)(guo)Macrisoft Windows中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟件(jian)自(zi)己(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)校正(zheng)，大大節省了(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)(du)和時間(jian)，分(fen)體式露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)了(le)正(zheng)常(chang)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。并(bing)且冷(leng)(leng)干(gan)機處(chu)(chu)理后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)含水量(liang)(liang)(liang)約在(zai)(zai)(zai)1000PPM左右，已超出了(le)該儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)范圍(wei)。壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“壓力(li)(li)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)”應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)干(gan)燥機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哪個(ge)部位丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)?用(yong)(yong)(yong)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“壓力(li)(li)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)”，取樣(yang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)干(gan)燥機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管道內，且樣(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)能含有(you)液態水滴。這是(shi)因為在(zai)(zai)(zai)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)面積有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)發器里，壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與冷(leng)(leng)媒蒸(zheng)發溫度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)熱(re)交換(huan)(huan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)可忽略的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫差(有(you)時可達4~6℃);壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)能冷(leng)(leng)卻到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)總(zong)比冷(leng)(leng)媒蒸(zheng)發溫度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)。 二是(shi)改變(bian)鏡(jing)(jing)面本底(di)放(fang)射(she)水平(ping)。 5.紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水份對紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)光譜吸(xi)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性，可以(yi)設計(ji)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)式露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，鏡(jing)(jing)面污染是(shi)一個(ge)凸起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題目，其影響主(zhu)要(yao)表現在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩個(ge)方(fang)面：露點儀丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)中應(ying)該留意鏡面污染對露(lu)點(dian)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)的影響(xiang)，露(lu)點(dian)儀(yi)測得(de)的是露(lu)點(dian)溫度(du)而表達的是濕度(du)。特(te)別是在進行低霜點(dian)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)時，流速(su)應(ying)適(shi)當進步，以加(jia)快露(lu)層形成(cheng)速(su)度(du)，但是流速(su)不能太大(da)，否(fou)則(ze)會造成(cheng)過熱(re)題目。

       分體式露點儀通(tong)(tong)過(guo)兩種(zhong)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)可(ke)以(yi)發現，不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量方法有(you)其自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)處(chu)，同樣(yang)也存在(zai)(zai)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)陷，而且(qie)兩種(zhong)方法中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型廠家(jia)(jia)代(dai)表均(jun)為(wei)國外企業；如何做(zuo)到充(chong)分施展(zhan)長(chang)(chang)處(chu)規避缺(que)點才(cai)能(neng)使我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國產露(lu)點儀在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場上據有(you)一席之地。該(gai)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型廠家(jia)(jia)代(dai)表是美國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)General Eastern公司(si)和Edgetech公司(si)，瑞士的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)MBW公司(si)以(yi)及(ji)英國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PROTIMETER公司(si)等。因此當氣暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)流(liu)暢(chang)過(guo)露(lu)點室時必定要影響體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)熱和傳(chuan)質過(guo)程(cheng)。自(zi)校(xiao)準(zhun)功(gong)能(neng)也可(ke)以(yi)以(yi)時間(jian)距離方式啟動(通(tong)(tong)常為(wei)6小時)。采用(yong)光電檢(jian)測技術，分體(ti)式露(lu)點儀檢(jian)測出露(lu)層并(bing)丈量結(jie)露(lu)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度，直接(jie)顯示露(lu)點。一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)速范(fan)圍在(zai)(zai)0.4~0.7L﹒min-1之間(jian)。由(you)以(yi)上分析可(ke)知，重量法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樞紐是怎樣(yang)精確丈量干燥(zao)劑吸收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分含量，由(you)于直接(jie)丈量比(bi)較(jiao)難(nan)題，由(you)此衍生了(le)(le)兩種(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)丈量吸收水(shui)含量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)使用(yong)這一客(ke)戶友好(hao)功(gong)能(neng)使得停工(gong)率大(da)幅降低，從而進步(bu)了(le)(le)出產效率。該(gai)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)處(chu)是精度高，最(zui)大(da)答應誤(wu)差可(ke)達0.1%；露點儀缺點(dian)(dian)是詳細操縱比較難(nan)題，尤(you)其(qi)是必需(xu)得到(dao)(dao)足(zu)夠量的吸收水質量(一般不小于(yu)0.6克)，這對(dui)于(yu)低濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)氣體(ti)尤(you)其(qi)難(nan)題，必需(xu)加大樣(yang)氣流(liu)量，結(jie)果(guo)會導致丈量時(shi)間和誤差(cha)增(zeng)大(測(ce)得的濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)不是瞬時(shi)值(zhi))。 在(zai)露點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)丈量過程中肯定(ding)會碰到(dao)(dao)一些題目(mu)，影響了我們丈量效果(guo)的正(zheng)(zheng)確性(xing)。目(mu)前國際上(shang)最(zui)高精度(du)(du)(du)達(da)到(dao)(dao)±1.0℃(露點(dian)(dian)溫度(du)(du)(du))，一般精度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)到(dao)(dao)±3℃以內。第三，另一個(ge)題目(mu)是降(jiang)溫速度(du)(du)(du)太快可(ke)能(neng)(neng)造成(cheng)“過冷”。 3.電(dian)(dian)(dian)介法(fa)露點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)利用五氧化二(er)磷等材料吸濕(shi)后分解(jie)成(cheng)極性(xing)分子，從而在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)積(ji)累電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的特性(xing)，設計(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)建立在(zai)絕對(dui)含濕(shi)量單位制上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)法(fa)微水份儀(yi)(yi)。 露點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)其(qi)他采(cai)樣(yang)點(dian)(dian)測(ce)出(chu)(chu)的露點(dian)(dian)都有誤差(cha)。在(zai)確定(ding)RH0后即可(ke)進行(xing)正(zheng)(zheng)確的RH計(ji)(ji)算，從而正(zheng)(zheng)確計(ji)(ji)算出(chu)(chu)露點(dian)(dian)，當(dang)相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)低于(yu)10%時(shi)，系(xi)統(tong)自動執(zhi)行(xing)自校(xiao)準功能(neng)(neng)，此時(shi)上(shang)次的輸出(chu)(chu)參數被(bei)鎖定(ding)，便攜(xie)式露點儀校準后系統(tong)即(ji)可(ke)輸出丈(zhang)量(liang)值假(jia)如(ru)連續在線監測(ce)：假(jia)如(ru)精度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不太(tai)(tai)高，可(ke)選用(yong)阻容(rong)法露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀，假(jia)如(ru)精度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求較(jiao)高，冷鏡(jing)式(shi)露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀。在露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀的(de)(de)設計中要(yao)著(zhu)重考(kao)慮直接(jie)影響結露(lu)過程熱質交換的(de)(de)各種因素(su)，這個原則同樣合用(yong)于(yu)自(zi)動化程度(du)(du)(du)不太(tai)(tai)高的(de)(de)露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀器(qi)操縱(zong)前提的(de)(de)選擇。目(mu)前國際上最高精度(du)(du)(du)達到±0.1℃(露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du))，一般精度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達到±0.5℃以內。高精度(du)(du)(du)手持式(shi)露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀可(ke)對空氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)濕度(du)(du)(du)、露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行監測(ce)，輪回顯示當前的(de)(de)時(shi)間、空氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)濕度(du)(du)(du)及露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，隨時(shi)記實空氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)濕度(du)(du)(du)及露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)化情況并(bing)將其(qi)存入存儲器(qi)中。若污染物是(shi)不溶(rong)于(yu)水(shui)的(de)(de)微(wei)粒，如(ru)灰塵等，則會(hui)增加(jia)本底的(de)(de)散射水(shui)平，從而(er)使(shi)光(guang)電露(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀發生零點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)漂移。假(jia)如(ru)被測(ce)氣(qi)體中攜帶(dai)可(ke)溶(rong)性鹽類，則鏡(jing)面提前結露(lu)，使(shi)丈(zhang)量(liang)結果產生正偏差。

       露點儀(yi)善的(de)(de)濕(shi)度(du)(du)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)方法。在露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)中，鏡(jing)(jing)面污染是(shi)一個凸(tu)起的(de)(de)題目，它主要影(ying)響(xiang)有(you)(you)兩方面的(de)(de)題目：第一，拉烏爾(er)效(xiao)(xiao)應，指(zhi)拉烏爾(er)效(xiao)(xiao)應是(shi)由(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)性物質造成的(de)(de)。流速(su)太大還會導致露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)室壓(ya)(ya)力降低而流速(su)的(de)(de)改變又將影(ying)響(xiang)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)熱平衡。該(gai)儀器(qi)配有(you)(you)上位機(ji)(ji)軟件(jian)，用戶可(ke)(ke)將這些數(shu)(shu)據通過(guo)串口導入上位機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據庫中。這種現象可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)顯微鏡(jing)(jing)觀察(cha)出來。這里主要討論鏡(jing)(jing)面降溫(wen)速(su)度(du)(du)和(he)樣氣(qi)(qi)流速(su)題目。所以(yi)(yi)熱慣(guan)性將影(ying)響(xiang)結(jie)露(lu)(lu)(霜)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)和(he)速(su)度(du)(du)，給(gei)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)果帶來誤差。避免系(xi)統(tong)死機(ji)(ji)等不(bu)正常(chang)運行狀況(kuang)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)示(shi)不(bu)足時(shi)應及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，不(bu)宜將電(dian)(dian)全(quan)部用光，以(yi)(yi)保證電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命。因(yin)此在這種情況(kuang)下，所測得(de)的(de)(de)冷媒蒸發溫(wen)度(du)(du)總比壓(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)實際“壓(ya)(ya)力露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)”來得(de)低。根占有(you)(you)關(guan)規程(cheng)，濕(shi)度(du)(du)被定義為氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)中的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)(qi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)，常(chang)用單(dan)位有(you)(you)：克/升，PPM，mmHg，露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)及(ji)相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)等。同時(shi)顯示(shi)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)、體(ti)(ti)積(ji)比（PPM/V），讀數(shu)(shu)直(zhi)，友好人機(ji)(ji)對(dui)話菜單(dan)，操(cao)縱直(zhi)觀利(li)便(bian)，直(zhi)流供電(dian)(dian)，使(shi)用靈活，電(dian)(dian)池完全(quan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)一次可(ke)(ke)連(lian)續使(shi)用約10小時(shi)，入口高機(ji)(ji)能(neng)內置全(quan)補償電(dian)(dian)容式(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)傳感(gan)器(qi)，獨(du)特的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)路設(she)計(ji)，有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)密性，防滲(shen)透滲(shen)出性和(he)抗吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性便(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀的(de)(de)產品特點(dian)(dian)：便(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀是(shi)采用入口薄膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)容式(shi)(shi)陶瓷濕(shi)度(du)(du)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)器(qi)和(he)微機(ji)(ji)技術(shu)開發的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)化高機(ji)(ji)能(neng)的(de)(de)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)份(fen)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀器(qi)，使(shi)用操(cao)縱簡便(bian)，可(ke)(ke)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)各(ge)種氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)中微量(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)。機(ji)(ji)能(neng)不(bu)亂，采用看門(men)狗防護措施。因(yin)而該(gai)方法只適合于丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)-32℃以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)說市場上純粹利(li)用該(gai)方法測濕(shi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)儀器(qi)較少(shao)。利(li)用氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)中的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)份(fen)對(dui)紅外光譜(pu)吸(xi)收的(de)(de)特性，露點儀(yi)可以設(she)計紅外式(shi)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)。 露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)因此當氣暢通流(liu)暢過露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室時(shi)必定要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)體系的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)質過程。所以在(zai)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)中選擇適當的(de)流(liu)速是必要(yao)的(de)，流(liu)速的(de)選擇應視制冷(leng)方法和(he)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室的(de)結構而定露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)應用(yong)過程中，露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)考(kao)慮到要(yao)求丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)正確度(du)高，樣氣理想，一(yi)般應選用(yong)冷(leng)鏡(jing)式(shi)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)。露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)是眾多(duo)濕(shi)度(du)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表中的(de)一(yi)種。國外有相關產品，但精(jing)度(du)較(jiao)差(cha)且(qie)本錢(qian)很(hen)高。 分體(ti)式(shi)露點儀同時這一方法(fa)排(pai)除(chu)了油污會(hui)萃影響反(fan)應時間的困擾。

       氣(qi)體的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)通(tong)常都(dou)是(shi)室溫。這(zhe)對目(mu)視檢露來說將產(chan)生負誤差。第二(er)，改變鏡(jing)面(mian)本底放射(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平。鏡(jing)面(mian)式露點(dian)(dian)儀采用的(de)(de)是(shi)直接丈(zhang)量方法(fa)，在保證檢露正(zheng)確、鏡(jing)面(mian)制(zhi)冷高(gao)效(xiao)率和精密丈(zhang)量結露溫度(du)(du)條(tiao)件(jian)下，該種露點(dian)(dian)儀可(ke)作為尺度(du)(du)露點(dian)(dian)儀使(shi)用。用溫度(du)(du)計丈(zhang)量壓縮空氣(qi)“壓力(li)露點(dian)(dian)”的(de)(de)理論依(yi)據(ju)是(shi)：假(jia)如(ru)被蒸發器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強制(zhi)冷卻后通(tong)過“氣(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)離器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”進入預(yu)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)壓縮空氣(qi)，其中所帶的(de)(de)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)聚水(shui)(shui)(shui)在“氣(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)離器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”的(de)(de)分(fen)離效(xiao)率不可(ke)能達(da)到100%，但在預(yu)冷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與蒸發器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)聚水(shui)(shui)(shui)排出(chu)良好(hao)的(de)(de)情況下，進入“氣(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)離器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”并(bing)需通(tong)過“氣(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)離器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”排除的(de)(de)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)聚水(shui)(shui)(shui)只占全部凝(ning)(ning)(ning)聚水(shui)(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)很少(shao)一(yi)部門。露點(dian)儀采用(yong)親水(shui)性(xing)材(cai)料或(huo)憎水(shui)性(xing)材(cai)料作為介質(zhi)，構成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，在含(han)(han)水(shui)份(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)流經后，介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率發(fa)(fa)生相應變化(hua)，測(ce)出當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，就(jiu)能知道當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)水(shui)份(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)。 這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)象(xiang)說明，玻(bo)璃上的(de)(de)(de)(de)結露(lu)(lu)溫度(du)與玻(bo)璃所(suo)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境氣(qi)氛的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)量(liang)有關，分體(ti)式露(lu)(lu)點儀(yi)進一(yi)步研究發(fa)(fa)現(xian)，這(zhe)(zhe)關系(xi)(xi)是逐一(yi)對(dui)應關系(xi)(xi)，即(ji)每一(yi)個結露(lu)(lu)溫度(du)(露(lu)(lu)點溫度(du))對(dui)應環境氣(qi)氛的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個含(han)(han)水(shui)量(liang)值。 A.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解法：就(jiu)是將干燥劑吸收的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解成(cheng)(cheng)氫(qing)氣(qi)和(he)氧氣(qi)排(pai)出，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小與水(shui)分含(han)(han)量(liang)成(cheng)(cheng)正比，通(tong)過(guo)檢(jian)測(ce)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流即(ji)可測(ce)得(de)樣氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕度(du)。 便攜(xie)式露點儀當一個鏡面處在(zai)(zai)(zai)樣品濕(shi)空氣中降溫(wen)(wen)，直到鏡面上(shang)隱現露(lu)(lu)滴（或冰(bing)晶）的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)(jian)，測(ce)(ce)出(chu)鏡面均勻溫(wen)(wen)度，即為露(lu)(lu)（霜）點溫(wen)(wen)度。一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)速范圍(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)0.4~0.7L﹒min-1之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。水分(fen)(fen)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)共振能使半導體結放出(chu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，從而使晶格的(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)增(zeng)大(da)，阻(zu)抗減小。自(zi)(zi)(zi)重120克(ke)，體積接近于手持式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話，攜帶利便；供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式靈活(huo)，可自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)切(qie)換鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；功(gong)(gong)耗低(di)，隨(sui)機鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池布滿一次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，具有數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)查詢和翻(fan)閱功(gong)(gong)能；能夠根(gen)據(ju)(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設置進行上(shang)下限自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)報警；存(cun)儲容量(liang)大(da)，一次(ci)(ci)可存(cun)儲40000級數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)記(ji)實(shi)；采(cai)樣距(ju)離(li)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)1S-99S之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)；實(shi)際需要(yao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)調整(zheng)；存(cun)儲距(ju)離(li)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)1S-24H之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)實(shi)際需要(yao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)調整(zheng)；溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)度露(lu)(lu)點水勢記(ji)實(shi)儀(yi)功(gong)(gong)能特(te)點：溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)度露(lu)(lu)點水勢記(ji)實(shi)儀(yi)是一款(kuan)集空氣溫(wen)(wen)度、分(fen)(fen)體式露(lu)(lu)點儀(yi)濕(shi)度、露(lu)(lu)點三參數(shu)(shu)(shu)檢測(ce)(ce)和記(ji)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業丈量(liang)儀(yi)器，它采(cai)用(yong)集成(cheng)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)濕(shi)度露(lu)(lu)點傳感(gan)器，對環(huan)境參數(shu)(shu)(shu)實(shi)現一點式丈量(liang)，通過內(nei)部自(zi)(zi)(zi)標(biao)定具有很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)精(jing)度，可廣泛應用(yong)于科研與工(gong)農業出(chu)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境監測(ce)(ce)。 分體式露點儀這種情況又隨使(shi)用的(de)(de)測溫元件不(bu)同而(er)異，例如因(yin)(yin)為結(jie)(jie)構(gou)關(guan)系，鉑電(dian)阻感(gan)溫元件的(de)(de)丈(zhang)量點(dian)(dian)與(yu)鏡面之間(jian)的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)比較(jiao)大，熱傳(chuan)導速(su)度(du)(du)也比較(jiao)慢(man)，從而(er)使(shi)測溫順結(jie)(jie)露不(bu)能同步進行。為了(le)減小傳(chuan)熱的(de)(de)影響，可(ke)(ke)(ke)考慮在被(bei)測氣(qi)體進入(ru)露點(dian)(dian)室之前(qian)進行預冷處(chu)理。利用高純鋁(lv)棒，表面氧(yang)化(hua)成(cheng)一層超(chao)薄(bo)的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)鋁(lv)薄(bo)膜，其(qi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)鍍一層多(duo)空的(de)(de)網狀金膜，金膜與(yu)鋁(lv)棒之間(jian)形成(cheng)電(dian)容(rong)，因(yin)(yin)為氧(yang)化(hua)鋁(lv)薄(bo)膜的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)水特性，導致電(dian)容(rong)值(zhi)隨樣(yang)氣(qi)水分的(de)(de)多(duo)少而(er)改變，丈(zhang)量該(gai)(gai)電(dian)容(rong)值(zhi)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)得到(dao)樣(yang)氣(qi)的(de)(de)濕度(du)(du)。建立在露點(dian)(dian)單位制上設計的(de)(de)該(gai)(gai)類(lei)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)，構(gou)成(cheng)了(le)電(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)式露點(dian)(dian)分析儀(yi)。目(mu)前(qian)該(gai)(gai)儀(yi)器(qi)很難測到(dao)低露點(dian)(dian)，主要是紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)探(tan)測器(qi)的(de)(de)峰值(zhi)探(tan)測率還不(bu)能達到(dao)微量水吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)量級(ji)，還有(you)氣(qi)體中其(qi)他成(cheng)份(fen)含量對紅外(wai)(wai)(wai)光譜吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)干擾。這種現象(xiang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以通過顯微鏡觀察出來。該(gai)(gai)方法的(de)(de)主要長(chang)(chang)處(chu)是丈(zhang)量量程可(ke)(ke)(ke)更低，甚至達-100℃，另一凸起長(chang)(chang)處(chu)是響應速(su)度(du)(du)非常(chang)快(kuai)，從干到(dao)濕響應一分鐘可(ke)(ke)(ke)達90%，因(yin)(yin)而(er)多(duo)用于現場(chang)和快(kuai)速(su)丈(zhang)量場(chang)合(he)。

       不管(guan)任何一種類型(xing)的露點(dian)儀都(dou)應防止污(wu)染鏡面(mian)。我們(men)知道(dao)，在(zai)一定前提下，水(shui)汽達到(dao)飽和狀(zhuang)態(tai)時，液相仍(reng)舊不泛起，或者水(shui)在(zai)零(ling)度以下時仍(reng)不結冰，這種(zhong)現象稱為過飽和或“過冷”。由于冷源的(de)冷卻(que)點(dian)、測溫點(dian)和鏡面(mian)間的(de)熱傳導(dao)有一個過程并存在(zai)一定的(de)溫度梯(ti)度。另外，一些沸點(dian)比水(shui)低的(de)輕易冷凝的(de)物質(例如有機物)的(de)蒸氣，不問可知將對露點(dian)的(de)丈量(liang)產生干(gan)擾。分體式(shi)露點儀(yi)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)振(zhen)蕩式露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)用(yong)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)沾濕(shi)(shi)后振(zhen)蕩頻(pin)率(lv)改變的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)，可以(yi)(yi)設計(ji)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)振(zhen)蕩式露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)。但(dan)即(ji)使是(shi)(shi)在(zai)純氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染亦(yi)會隨時(shi)(shi)間增加而(er)(er)積累。 便(bian)攜式露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)通過(guo)優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)DRYCAP硬件設計(ji)及自動校(xiao)準(zhun)軟件使得(de)正確(que)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)低濕(shi)(shi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)得(de)以(yi)(yi)實現(xian)。這對(dui)(dui)目(mu)視(shi)檢露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)來說將(jiang)產生負誤差。利(li)用(yong)這一(yi)(yi)特性(xing)設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)可測到-100℃露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)份。鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)有：半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)系體(ti)(ti)例冷(leng)(leng)(leng)、分(fen)體(ti)(ti)式露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)液氮制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)和(he)(he)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)。可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)蒸發(fa)溫(wen)度(du)(du)來代(dai)替“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”嗎?在(zai)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)干機里，蒸發(fa)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(蒸發(fa)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li))的(de)(de)(de)讀(du)數是(shi)(shi)不(bu)能用(yong)來代(dai)替壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)現(xian)場檢測時(shi)(shi)：假如丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)正確(que)度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)高，可選用(yong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)法(fa)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)；假如要(yao)(yao)求丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)速度(du)(du)快或氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)污(wu)染較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)，最好選用(yong)阻容法(fa)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)。由于(yu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)源的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、測溫(wen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)間的(de)(de)(de)熱傳導(dao)有一(yi)(yi)個過(guo)程并存在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)。因此在(zai)要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)十分(fen)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)場合，往往用(yong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)計(ji)來近似丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”。振(zhen)動頻(pin)率(lv)法(fa)：就是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)干燥劑換用(yong)一(yi)(yi)種吸濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)英晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)，根據該晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)吸收(shou)水(shui)分(fen)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)振(zhen)動頻(pin)率(lv)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，讓(rang)樣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)尺度(du)(du)干燥氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流經該晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)，因而(er)(er)產生不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動頻(pin)率(lv)差△f1和(he)(he)△f2，計(ji)算兩頻(pin)率(lv)之(zhi)差即(ji)可得(de)到樣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)。讓(rang)所(suo)測樣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流經某一(yi)(yi)干燥劑，其所(suo)含水(shui)分(fen)被干燥劑吸收(shou)，精確(que)稱取干燥劑吸收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，與樣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)積之(zhi)比即(ji)為(wei)樣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)。 分(fen)體(ti)(ti)式露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)習慣上以(yi)(yi)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)-20℃為(wei)界把所(suo)測氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)為(wei)高濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)與低濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)（即(ji)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)），這里重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)先容低濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。不(bu)管任何一(yi)(yi)種類型的(de)(de)(de)露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)都(dou)應防(fang)止(zhi)污(wu)染鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。不(bu)同(tong)水(shui)份含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)下的(de)(de)(de)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上會結露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)結露(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu) (或霜)過(guo)程來說，這種現(xian)象往往是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)被測氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)非常(chang)干凈，乃(nai)至缺少(shao)足足數目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)凝聚核心而(er)(er)引起的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)般說來，分體(ti)式露點儀產業流程(cheng)氣(qi)體分(fen)析污染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)影響是比(bi)較(jiao)嚴(yan)峻的(de)(de)(de)。露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就是丈量(liang)直接丈量(liang)露(lu)點(dian)(dian)溫度的(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器，露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一般可(ke)以分(fen)為：鏡面(mian)式(shi)露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、電(dian)傳感器式(shi)露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、電(dian)解(jie)法露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、晶(jing)體振蕩式(shi)露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、紅(hong)外露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、半導體傳感器露(lu)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)等。實(shi)際證實(shi)用(yong)五(wu)氧化二磷作電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)“微水分(fen)測定儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”來(lai)丈量(liang)經冷干機(ji)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)“壓(ya)力露(lu)點(dian)(dian)”時(shi)，誤差很大。這(zhe)是一項較(jiao)新的(de)(de)(de)技術，目(mu)前(qian)尚處于(yu)不十分(fen)成熟的(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)。       

       解(jie)決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法之一是重復(fu)加熱和冷卻鏡(jing)面的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)縱，直到這種現象消除為止。另一個解(jie)決(jue)辦(ban)法是直接利用過冷水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)汽壓數據(ju)。并(bing)且這樣(yang)作恰恰與景象形(xing)象系統(tong)低于零度(du)時的(de)(de)(de)相對濕度(du)定義(yi)相吻合(he)。該方法彌補(bu)了重量法的(de)(de)(de)缺點，分體式露點(dian)儀丈量(liang)量(liang)程可達-80℃以下(xia)，且精(jing)度(du)較(jiao)好，價格(ge)便宜；便攜(xie)式露點儀缺點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)解池(chi)氣(qi)路需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)前(qian)(qian)干燥很長時間，且(qie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)氣(qi)體的(de)侵蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)及清潔性(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)保證(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確丈(zhang)(zhang)量，開發(fa)出增益回歸軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)，其(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)零點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自動校(xiao)準軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)執(zhi)行前(qian)(qian)執(zhi)行增益回歸功(gong)(gong)能，將(jiang)DRYCAP傳(chuan)感器升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)到(dao)(dao)160度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)使其(qi)內部(bu)會(hui)萃(cui)的(de)化(hua)學物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)體分子(zi)蒸發(fa)，從而保證(zheng)(zheng)了正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確丈(zhang)(zhang)量。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)國際(ji)上(shang)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)±1.0℃(露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du))，一(yi)般(ban)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)±3℃以內。 DRYCAP濕(shi)(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)器件(jian)(jian)不(bu)怕冷(leng)凝水(shui)(shui)，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)冷(leng)凝后天然風(feng)干則(ze)不(bu)影(ying)響正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常使用(yong)(yong)，但(dan)風(feng)干時需(xu)將(jiang)儀器掏出，這(zhe)會(hui)影(ying)響其(qi)他工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常進行，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了防止此類情況的(de)頻繁發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，在(zai)DMT242露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀中(zhong)還附有(you)一(yi)保護(hu)功(gong)(gong)能，即(ji)當時濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)意外升高(gao)(gao)到(dao)(dao)80%RH上(shang)時，測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)傳(chuan)感器馬(ma)上(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)敏(min)(min)器件(jian)(jian)加熱以減小局部(bu)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)從而避(bi)免飽和水(shui)(shui)汽形成。鏡面式(shi)(shi)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀采用(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接丈(zhang)(zhang)量方(fang)法，在(zai)保證(zheng)(zheng)檢露(lu)(lu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確、鏡面制(zhi)冷(leng)高(gao)(gao)效率和精(jing)密丈(zhang)(zhang)量結露(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)，該(gai)種露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀可(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)尺度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀使用(yong)(yong)。 露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀在(zai)很多行業諸(zhu)如(ru)石化(hua)、電(dian)力、電(dian)子(zi)、航空航天、冶金(jin)、紡(fang)織等對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)丈(zhang)(zhang)量的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)越來越高(gao)(gao)，因而，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)丈(zhang)(zhang)量已(yi)逐漸成為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)新興的(de)技(ji)術領域(yu)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)一(yi)些計量檢定規程(cheng)也逐步建立。隨機配有(you)計算機分析治理(li)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)，能夠(gou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)提供完備的(de)智能化(hua)數據治理(li)服務。過(guo)(guo)冷(leng)現象(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短(duan)暫的(de)，共時間是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)和露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或霜(shuang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)關(guan)。若污染(ran)物(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)溶(rong)于水(shui)(shui)的(de)微粒，如(ru)灰塵等，則(ze)會(hui)增加本底的(de)散射水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，從而使光電(dian)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)零點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)漂移(yi)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)項較新的(de)技(ji)術，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)尚(shang)處于不(bu)十分成熟的(de)階(jie)段。但(dan)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)項很新的(de)技(ji)術，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于環(huan)境(jing)氣(qi)體水(shui)(shui)份含量的(de)非(fei)接觸式(shi)(shi)在(zai)線監測(ce)具有(you)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)意義。 Suomi在(zai)實驗中(zhong)發(fa)現，假如(ru)一(yi)個(ge)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)拋光的(de)鏡面并且(qie)其(qi)干凈程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)合乎(hu)化(hua)學要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，則(ze)露(lu)(lu)的(de)形成溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)比真實的(de)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低幾度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。假如(ru)被(bei)測(ce)氣(qi)體中(zhong)攜(xie)帶(dai)這(zhe)種物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)鹽類)則(ze)鏡面提前(qian)(qian)結露(lu)(lu)，使丈(zhang)(zhang)量結果產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)偏差。一(yi)般(ban)說來，此外，一(yi)些沸點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比水(shui)(shui)低的(de)輕(qing)易冷(leng)凝的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(例如(ru)有(you)機物(wu))的(de)蒸氣(qi)，不(bu)問(wen)可(ke)知(zhi)將(jiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)干擾。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)國際(ji)上(shang)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)±1.0℃(露(lu)(lu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du))，一(yi)般(ban)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)±3℃以內。露點(dian)儀的主(zhu)要(yao)長處是精(jing)度(du)高，尤(you)其(qi)在采用半導體系(xi)體例冷和光電檢測(ce)技術后(hou)，不確定(ding)度(du)甚至(zhi)可達(da)0.1℃；缺點(dian)是響(xiang)應速(su)度(du)較慢，尤(you)其(qi)在露點(dian)-60℃以下，平衡(heng)時間甚至(zhi)達(da)幾(ji)個小時。

      硬度計是指材料抵抗局(ju)部變形(xing)，特別是塑性(xing)變形(xing)、壓(ya)痕或劃痕的(de)能力，是衡(heng)量材料軟硬(ying)的(de)判據(ju)，是一(yi)(yi)個綜合的(de)物(wu)理量。材料的(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)越高，耐磨性(xing)越好，故常將(jiang)硬(ying)度(du)(du)值作(zuo)為衡(heng)量材料耐磨性(xing)的(de)重要指標(biao)之一(yi)(yi)。硬(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)測定常用壓(ya)入(ru)法。把規定的(de)壓(ya)頭壓(ya)入(ru)金屬材料表面(mian)層，然后根(gen)據(ju)壓(ya)痕的(de)面(mian)積或深(shen)度(du)(du)確定其硬(ying)度(du)(du)值。根(gen)據(ju)壓(ya)頭和壓(ya)力不同，常用的(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)指標(biao)有布氏硬度計（HBS、HBW）、 用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為D的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淬(cui)火(huo)鋼球或(huo)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)質合金(jin)(jin)(jin)球，以相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)力(li)F壓(ya)入試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣表(biao)面，保持(chi)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間后卸除試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)力(li)，在試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣表(biao)面留下(xia)球形壓(ya)痕，如左圖所示。布氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值用(yong)(yong)球面壓(ya)痕單位(wei)面積上(shang)所承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)示。用(yong)(yong)淬(cui)火(huo)鋼球作(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)頭時(shi)(shi)(shi)，布氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)符號“HBS”表(biao)示;用(yong)(yong)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)質合金(jin)(jin)(jin)球作(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)頭，布氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)符號“HBW”表(biao)示。便攜(xie)式硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計精度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)確(que)實(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)臺式機精度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)，想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)提高(gao)測(ce)量(liang)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)原(yuan)則上(shang)用(yong)(yong)臺式機，臺式硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計精度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較高(gao)，但你老板又一定要(yao)(yao)便攜(xie)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，最方便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便攜(xie)式硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計是(shi)(shi)數顯里氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計，但里氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計對所測(ce)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)限制，需要(yao)(yao)3到(dao)(dao)4mm以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)才可以測(ce)，越厚越容易測(ce)量(liang)，越厚測(ce)量(liang)結果越準確(que)，當HB>450或(huo)者試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣過小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，不能采用(yong)(yong)布氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)而(er)改(gai)用(yong)(yong)洛氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計量(liang)。它(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)一個頂角120°的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石圓錐體或(huo)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為1.59、3.18mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼球，在一定載荷下(xia)壓(ya)入被(bei)測(ce)轉動(dong)轉塔(ta)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,碰到(dao)(dao)工(gong)件或(huo)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺造成(cheng)看(kan)不到(dao)(dao)壓(ya)痕.或(huo)是(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)轉動(dong)轉塔(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候定位(wei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)定好，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計故障(zhang).也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)壓(ya)頭和物鏡(jing)不是(shi)(shi)一個位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)!這種問題需要(yao)(yao)維修(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),您可以自己試(shi)(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi):如果一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計目(mu)鏡(jing)上(shang)方會有(you)(you)三個調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)螺絲(si)(少部份(fen)山東生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沒(mei)有(you)(you),那(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)自己調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)不了),這個三螺絲(si)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)來調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)目(mu)鏡(jing)位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),調(diao)(diao)一下(xia)應(ying)該就(jiu)(jiu)能看(kan)到(dao)(dao)!根據里氏(shi)原(yuan)理，只要(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)具(ju)備一定剛性，能形成(cheng)反彈，就(jiu)(jiu)能測(ce)出準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)里氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值，但很(hen)多(duo)(duo)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)里氏(shi)與(yu)其它(ta)(ta)制式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒(mei)有(you)(you)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)算關系，因此里氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計目(mu)前只裝了9種材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)算表(biao)。具(ju)體材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)如下(xia)：鋼和鑄(zhu)鋼，合金(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)具(ju)鋼，灰鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)，球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)，鑄(zhu)鋁合金(jin)(jin)(jin)，銅(tong)鋅(xin)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)，銅(tong)錫合金(jin)(jin)(jin)，純銅(tong)，不銹銅(tong)。對于(yu)一些(xie)特(te)殊材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣，用(yong)(yong)戶可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)公司提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擬(ni)合曲線(xian)軟件做專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)換(huan)算表(biao)。在實(shi)際生產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，由于(yu)里氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計對材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)方式、材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)元素(su)組成(cheng)敏(min)感，而(er)里氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計芯片(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)儲(chu)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)換(huan)算表(biao)不可能都(dou)滿足(zu)用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)，用(yong)(yong)戶在測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，可以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)擬(ni)合軟件做自己專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)換(huan)算表(biao)。洛氏硬度計(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)目(mu)前應用(yong)很(hen)廣(guang)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，其中(zhong)HRC在鋼管(guan)標準中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)僅(jin)次(ci)于(yu)布(bu)氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)HB。洛氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)可(ke)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)測(ce)定(ding)由極軟(ruan)到極硬(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)金屬材料，它彌補(bu)了布(bu)氏(shi)法(fa)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)，較布(bu)氏(shi)法(fa)簡便，可(ke)直接從硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)機(ji)的(de)(de)表(biao)盤讀出硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)值(zhi)。但是(shi)，由于(yu)其壓痕小，故硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)值(zhi)不(bu)(bu)如布(bu)氏(shi)法(fa)準確，表(biao)示方法(fa)舉例(li)：640HV30/20表(biao)示用(yong)30Hgf（294.2N）試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)力保持(chi)20S（秒）測(ce)定(ding)的(de)(de)維(wei)氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)值(zhi)為640N/mm2(MPa)。維(wei)氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)法(fa)可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)測(ce)定(ding)很(hen)薄的(de)(de)金屬材料和表(biao)面(mian)層(ceng)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)。它具有布(bu)氏(shi)、洛氏(shi)法(fa)的(de)(de)主要優(you)點，而克(ke)服(fu)了它們的(de)(de)基本缺點，但不(bu)(bu)如洛氏(shi)法(fa)簡便。維(wei)氏(shi)法(fa)在鋼管(guan)標準中(zhong)很(hen)少用(yong)。

       飽和含水(shui)溫度與電導率(lv)儀直接的(de)(de)關系，其(qi)特點是依(yi)靠于成熟技術的(de)(de)智能專(zhuan)業(ye)應用和新的(de)(de)設計，臺式電導儀加(jia)強單片(pian)微機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據模型化處理(li)，使其(qi)(qi)能(neng)知足以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)難以(yi)(yi)(yi)實現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試要求(qiu)。高純(chun)(chun)水(shui)(shui)被盛入容(rong)器(qi)后應(ying)(ying)迅(xun)速丈(zhang)量(liang)，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)降低很快，由于(yu)空(kong)氣中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶入水(shui)(shui)里變成碳酸根離子(zi)。水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)與其(qi)(qi)所含無機酸、堿、鹽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)關系。若用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶把溫(wen)(wen)度系數(shu)改設為0.00%，則產業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)進行溫(wen)(wen)度補償，顯示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)值(zhi)為當前(qian)溫(wen)(wen)度下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)是合用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)精(jing)密(mi)丈(zhang)量(liang)各種液(ye)體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)設備，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)來精(jing)密(mi)丈(zhang)量(liang)液(ye)體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)值(zhi)，當配以(yi)(yi)(yi)相應(ying)(ying)常數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極可以(yi)(yi)(yi)精(jing)確丈(zhang)量(liang)高純(chun)(chun)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科研和出產。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，最好用(yong)(yong)(yong)中性(xing)溶液(ye)調“定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位”，用(yong)(yong)(yong)酸性(xing)（或堿性(xing)）溶液(ye)調斜(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)技(ji)術(shu):針對(dui)一(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食物水(shui)(shui)飽和水(shui)(shui)等需要丈(zhang)量(liang)出它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，從(cong)而(er)得到(dao)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)值(zhi)。當接(jie)入好溫(wen)(wen)度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極時，臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)本表(biao)顯示的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度值(zhi)為溫(wen)(wen)度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)得值(zhi)，儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)將進行自動(dong)溫(wen)(wen)度補償，ATC信號燈亮。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)闡明(ming)，標定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)天(tian)天(tian)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)，應(ying)(ying)進行一(yi)次標定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，詳(xiang)細(xi)操縱如下：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)是實驗(yan)室(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)丈(zhang)量(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)，臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)它除能(neng)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)一(yi)般(ban)液(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)外，且能(neng)知足丈(zhang)量(liang)高純(chun)(chun)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。傳(chuan)感技(ji)術(shu)主(zhu)要反映物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機能(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感材料(liao)通常為鉑(bo)，臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)鍍(du)鉑(bo)黑就是在鉑(bo)表(biao)面鍍(du)上一(yi)層玄(xuan)色蓬松的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬鉑(bo)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是為了減少極化效應(ying)(ying)。插上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，按下“pH”，將斜(xie)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)調到(dao)最高地位。電(dian)導儀(yi)所謂飽和，即(ji)達到最(zui)大溶解水含量。