電池的更換，電(dian)導儀(yi)溶液溫(wen)度(du)超過(guo)1600F/710℃時(shi),不(bu)能進行丈量,指(zhi)針式(shi)電(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)否則要損(sun)壞(huai)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi).當(dang)(dang)環境溫(wen)度(du)低于(yu)0℃時(shi),pH計的(de)電(dian)極可能會損(sun)壞(huai),千萬留(liu)意,不(bu)要超出(chu)劃定溫(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍.把儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)存(cun)放(fang)在熱源四周或(huo)在天色炎熱的(de)情況下,溫(wen)度(du)很輕易達到或(huo)超過(guo)1500F,這將導(dao)致儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)丈量不(bu)準(zhun)。假如用(yong)此對電(dian)極測(ce)得電(dian)導(dao)值G=1000μS，則被測(ce)溶液的(de)電(dian)導(dao)率K=1000μS/ cm。當(dang)(dang)K=1時(shi)，常采用(yong)石墨，當(dang)(dang)K=0.1、0.01時(shi)，材料(liao)可以是不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼或(huo)鈦合金。電導(dao)儀改進了“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)數示值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢定方(fang)法(fa)”用(yong)參(can)考前提(ti)(ti)下(xia)(xia)（一(yi)(yi)般指 25.0℃）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代替尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)參(can)考值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，避免了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子單元固有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)確定度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)復引(yin)入(ru)。假如(ru)用(yong)此(ci)(ci)對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)測(ce)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)G=1000μS，則被(bei)測(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)K=1000μS/ cm。臺(tai)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)丈量(liang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)溫度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)丈量(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)數K有(you)時(shi)(shi)會泛起較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)，使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)數也可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)會有(you)變(bian)化，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，新購的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)數應重(zhong)新丈量(liang)標定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)數丈量(liang)時(shi)(shi)應留意(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾(ji)點：根據公式(shi)(shi)K=S/G，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)數K可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)KCL溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)G來求(qiu)得，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)KCL溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)S是(shi)(shi)(shi)已知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)國(guo)家計量(liang)基(ji)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)工、農業出產科學研究(jiu)和(he)(he)國(guo)防(fang)(fang)各(ge)部分都有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)價值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校準(zhun)，從檢定規程中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)知(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只要(yao)檢測(ce)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)引(yin)用(yong)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)就夠了。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)待丈量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路則是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)反映電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號轉(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流信號，并進一(yi)(yi)步轉(zhuan)換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)數字量(liang)送(song)入(ru)單片(pian)機進行處(chu)理(li)，最(zui)后(hou)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)顯示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)引(yin)起離子在(zai)(zai)被(bei)測(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由與溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源預熱10分鐘以(yi)(yi)上(shang)（待指針(zhen)完全不(bu)(bu)(bu)亂(luan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)止），“量(liang)程開(kai)(kai)關打(da)到(dao)(dao)×104再用(yong)“調正(zheng)(zheng)”旋鈕調指針(zhen)到(dao)(dao)滿度(du)(du)(du)1.0處(chu)。將(jiang)“校正(zheng)(zheng)、丈量(liang)”開(kai)(kai)關打(da)到(dao)(dao)“校正(zheng)(zheng)”。當兩個(ge)(ge)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)(wei)1cm2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)形(xing)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板，之間相隔1 cm組成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，此(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)數K=1cm-1。為(wei)(wei)(wei)消除斷開(kai)(kai)線(xian)(xian)圈時(shi)(shi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)干擾，繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈增加(jia)了續流二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管；另(ling)外(wai)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)驅動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負載也是(shi)(shi)(shi)感(gan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應在(zai)(zai)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)點兩端(duan)并接(jie)(jie)(jie)火(huo)花按捺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，防(fang)(fang)止產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花干擾。 1S/m=0.01s/cm=10000us/cm；(3)指針(zhen)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)意(yi)(yi)義是(shi)(shi)(shi)表示物(wu)質(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機能(neng)。加(jia)入(ru)DL水(shui)(shui)并浸(jin)泡時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)超過(guo)(guo)4個(ge)(ge)小時(shi)(shi)，時(shi)(shi)間太長，可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)降低(di)或(huo)破壞玻(bo)璃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）并重(zhong)新校正(zheng)(zheng)測(ce)試。尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)一(yi)(yi)般都使(shi)用(yong)KCl溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)這是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)KCl的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)情況下(xia)(xia)非常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亂(luan)，正(zheng)(zheng)確。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)純雜散(san)場(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)糟(zao)糕(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，它(ta)(ta)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)次校準(zhun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)知(zhi)足寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，一(yi)(yi)般情況下(xia)(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)部門非平(ping)均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。按照以(yi)(yi)上(shang)方(fang)法(fa)置溫度(du)(du)(du)系數α為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.50％℃-1，讀(du)取15.0℃和(he)(he)35.0℃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈量(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)kMV，按公式(shi)(shi)①計算相應溫度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)系數示值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)純雜散(san)場(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)糟(zao)糕(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，它(ta)(ta)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)次校準(zhun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)知(zhi)足寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)運(yun)行時(shi)(shi)間久了，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池長期浸(jin)在(zai)(zai)處(chu)理(li)過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)，易老化，這樣，因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)某種原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)，一(yi)(yi)些原(yuan)本達(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)排放(fang)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)水(shui)(shui)，臺(tai)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反應癡(chi)鈍，誤(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)排放(fang)，一(yi)(yi)概(gai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)，每年(nian)將(jiang)給漓江注入(ru)多少噸不(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)？名義上(shang)有(you)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表在(zai)(zai)監測(ce)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)排放(fang)，實際上(shang)形(xing)同(tong)虛(xu)設，有(you)比沒有(you)還糟(zao)糕(gao)，在(zai)(zai)提(ti)(ti)倡(chang)保護環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，校準(zhun)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，顯得尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。臺式電導儀這一值則(ze)(ze)被稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極常數(shu)。然后再進行溶液溫度(du)的(de)采樣，最后單(dan)片機計算得到被測溶液在25℃基準溫度(du)下的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。檢定(ding)項目的(de)設置(zhi)和檢定(ding)方(fang)法的(de)改(gai)變(bian)，指針式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀(yi)跟著經濟建設、科技提(ti)高和社會(hui)的(de)發展，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)在海內的(de)使(shi)用(yong)狀況有(you)了非常大的(de)變(bian)化，儀(yi)器的(de)出產廠(chang)家和型號日益(yi)豐碩，除國(guo)產的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)外，外國(guo)品牌(pai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)也越來(lai)越多。 c.離子的(de)遷(qian)移率(lv)(lv)(lv)愈(yu)快，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)就愈(yu)大。 0.1 mol/l的(de)KCl溶液在25℃時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)12.88mS/CM。用(yong)在線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)池丈量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)尺(chi)度(du)溶液，其(qi)儀(yi)器引用(yong)誤差不應大于±4.5%FS，否則(ze)(ze)要調試在線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，使(shi)其(qi)達到計量要求。因(yin)(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)與(yu)離子的(de)種類有(you)關(guan)，還與(yu)影響離子遷(qian)移率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)外部因(yin)(yin)素有(you)關(guan)，如溫度(du)、溶劑、黏等(deng)。在高純水分析中，進年來(lai)離子選擇性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極技術發展極為(wei)迅速。丈量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極常數(shu)的(de)KCL溶液的(de)溫度(du)，以(yi)接近實際被測溶液的(de)溫度(du)為(wei)好。為(wei)了保證系統的(de)抗干擾能力，采用(yong)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)合由晶體管來(lai)驅動繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

       影響電導(dao)率的因素分析，指針(zhen)式電導儀高(gao)純(chun)物質(zhi)(zhi)中金屬元素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測定已有數十年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)，最通用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析方法(fa)有原子(zi)吸收光譜法(fa)、發射(she)光譜法(fa)、分光光譜法(fa)、極(ji)(ji)(ji)譜法(fa)等；中子(zi)活化(hua)法(fa)及質(zhi)(zhi)譜分析法(fa)亦有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，但因為(wei)儀器(qi)(qi)昂貴(gui)以(yi)及分析前(qian)提較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，其應用(yong)范圍受到限制。因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀丈量結果(儀器(qi)(qi)示值)是(shi)(shi)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)”而非“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)”。舊規(gui)程把儀器(qi)(qi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)劃分為(wei)8級(ji)(ji)(ji)，新規(gui)程把儀器(qi)(qi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)仍劃分為(wei)8級(ji)(ji)(ji)，但與舊規(gui)程比(bi)擬，減少(shao)了5.0級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)，新增加(jia)了2.5級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)。也可(ke)使用(yong)以(yi)下方法(fa)：中性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH/ORP電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)不可(ke)再(zai)生材質(zhi)(zhi)做(zuo)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，通過多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)泡表面與試樣接觸，不能處(chu)于干(gan)燥狀態，假如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)池(chi)干(gan)了，立刻用(yong)像WindexTM或FantastTM這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液體噴霧器(qi)(qi)，清洗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)池(chi)并潤洗，有時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)還可(ke)以(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)活性(xing)(xing)，不能擦洗或抹拭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。 0.1 mol/l的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)KCl溶液在25℃時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)12.88mS/CM。 b.離子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)數愈高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)愈大 。由二個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)被稱為(wei)爾勞(lao)施（Kohlrausch）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。 臺(tai)式電導儀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路又包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池、方波發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 路、量(liang)程切(qie)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路A/D轉換。根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)將“常(chang)(chang)數(shu)”旋鈕(niu)轉到相應(ying)數(shu)值。用(yong)在(zai)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)尺(chi)(chi)度溶液(ye)，其(qi)儀(yi)器引用(yong)誤差不應(ying)大于(yu)±4.5%FS，否(fou)則(ze)要(yao)調試在(zai)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)，使其(qi)達(da)到計(ji)量(liang)要(yao)求。因為導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)液(ye)體在(zai)直流激勵模式(shi)(shi)下(xia)會產生(sheng)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)，常(chang)(chang)規的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)丈量(liang)裝置都是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)頻正弦(xian)波作(zuo)為系(xi)統的(de)激勵源進(jin)行丈量(liang)的(de)，不可避免(mian)地在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)測試系(xi)統引入復雜(za)而(er)耗時的(de)后(hou)續信號(hao)處理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。同時，如(ru)斯(si)表述限(xian)制了規程的(de)合用(yong)范圍，由于(yu)有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池常(chang)(chang)數(shu)是(shi)0.1 cm-1，10cm-1或5.0cm-1等等。置溫(wen)度系(xi)數(shu)α為2.50％℃-1，分(fen)(fen)別讀取(qu)15.0℃和(he)35.0℃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)丈量(liang)值kMV，按(an)公式(shi)(shi)①分(fen)(fen)別計(ji)算(suan)相應(ying)溫(wen)度下(xia)的(de)溫(wen)度系(xi)數(shu)示值誤差。介質溫(wen)度：0℃～50℃；相對濕度：≤85%；儀(yi)器工作(zuo)前提：環境溫(wen)度：0℃～40℃；儀(yi)器工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源：AC220V±10%，50Hz；儀(yi)器深度：100（mm）；開孔尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)：91*45（mm）；形狀尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)：面板尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)：100*52（mm）信號(hao)輸出：4～20mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流信號(hao)（可選電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)上限(xian)報警輸出）；電導儀(yi)電極配置：1.00cm-1塑料箔金電極。 
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       電導儀鑒于溫(wen)(wen)度對電(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)丈量(liang)的(de)影響，新(xin)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)改進了“溫(wen)(wen)度系數示值(zhi)誤差”的(de)檢定方法。電(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)越大則導(dao)電(dian)(dian)機能越強，反之(zhi)越小。用(yong)這個(ge)(ge)新(xin)買的(de)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)儀來(lai)配0~20.00μs/cm這個(ge)(ge)量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)尺度溶液就可(ke)以解(jie)決量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)題目了。量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)題目的(de)解(jie)決：電(dian)(dian)導(dao)池探(tan)頭體積過大題目的(de)解(jie)決：將探(tan)頭從污水(shui)溝中撈(lao)出，放入桶(tong)內(nei)洗凈(jing)，將探(tan)頭外罩仔細取下，還原(yuan)成臺式電(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)儀電(dian)(dian)導(dao)池的(de)大小；（3）電(dian)(dian)導(dao)池探(tan)頭太臟題目的(de)解(jie)決：將還原(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)池探(tan)頭用(yong)棉花(hua)輕輕擦拭干(gan)凈(jing)，蒸(zheng)溜水(shui)沖(chong)刷，試(shi)紙擦干(gan)；臺式電導(dao)儀剛開始(shi)這(zhe)項工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，發現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)大多已經老(lao)化，丈量的(de)(de)數(shu)據基(ji)本不(bu)可靠，建議廠(chang)家換新；下(xia)面分別敘述這(zhe)三個(ge)(ge)題(ti)目的(de)(de)解(jie)決(jue)方案：量程(cheng)(cheng)題(ti)目, 新舊(jiu)規程(cheng)(cheng)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂不(bu)同,檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)用(yong)設備及尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)物質(zhi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)我國法(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)強(qiang)制檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)器，其檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)依據是(shi)(shi)(shi)JJG 376-2007《電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)規程(cheng)(cheng)》（簡稱(cheng)(cheng)新規程(cheng)(cheng)），該規程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在JJG 376-1985《電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)（試行）檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)規程(cheng)(cheng)》（簡稱(cheng)(cheng)舊(jiu)規程(cheng)(cheng)）的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)修訂完成的(de)(de)。一個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)，另一個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)溶液(ye)中1/A的(de)(de)幾何關系，指針式電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)可以通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)丈量得到.臺式電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)丈量的(de)(de)影(ying)響：其中影(ying)響溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)變(bian)化最大的(de)(de)外在因素是(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，主是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)直接(jie)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離常數(shu)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離常數(shu)增大此外，溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)，亦會(hui)使(shi)離子熱運動(dong)加快，導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力增加從(cong)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)有直接(jie)的(de)(de)影(ying)響。單位電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)（C）簡樸的(de)(de)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)所測電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)（G）與電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)池常數(shu)(L/A)的(de)(de)乘積.這(zhe)里的(de)(de)L為(wei)兩塊(kuai)極(ji)板(ban)之間的(de)(de)液(ye)柱(zhu)長度(du)(du)(du)，A為(wei)極(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)面積。電導儀(yi)二電極式電導電極是目前海內使用最多的電導電極類型，實驗式二電極式電導電極的結構是將二片鉑片燒結在二平行玻璃片上，或圓形玻璃管的內壁上，調節鉑片的面積和間隔，就可以制成不同常數值的電導電極。四電極電導電極的長處是可以避免電極極化帶來的丈量誤差，在國外的實驗式和在線式電導率儀上較多使用。在電極間存在平均電場的情況下,電極常數可以通 過幾何尺寸算出。 
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       儀器長(chang)時間不(bu)用時，可見分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度計應定時通電預(yu)熱，每周1次(ci)，每次(ci)30min，以(yi)保(bao)證儀器處于良(liang)好使(shi)用狀態。它是光譜(pu)丈量(liang)中誤差的(de)主要來源。光(guang)度計基于Monte Carlo隨機(ji)理論的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)計算常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)(du)分布計算方法(fa)有以下(xia)幾種：光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)追蹤算法(fa)、平方反(fan)比(bi)定(ding)律法(fa)、投(tou)射立體角法(fa)、蒙特卡羅法(fa)（Monte Carlo Method）和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)通轉移法(fa)。再(zai)根(gen)據檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據,作(zuo)出被檢(jian)(jian)儀(yi)(yi)器是(shi)否(fou)合(he)(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)定(ding)。可見(jian)分光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)規則，光(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計總之，這(zhe)幾個指(zhi)標都是(shi)相互獨立又相互聯系(xi)關(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，每個指(zhi)標對儀(yi)(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)都有很大影(ying)響(xiang)。再(zai)根(gen)據檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據,作(zuo)出被檢(jian)(jian)儀(yi)(yi)器是(shi)否(fou)合(he)(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)定(ding)。他們可以引起(qi)機(ji)械(xie)部件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銹(xiu)蝕，使(shi)金屬鏡(jing)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)潔度(du)(du)下(xia)降(jiang)，引起(qi)儀(yi)(yi)器機(ji)械(xie)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差或機(ji)能(neng)下(xia)降(jiang);造成光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)部件(jian)如光(guang)(guang)(guang)柵、反(fan)射鏡(jing)、聚焦鏡(jing)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋁膜銹(xiu)蝕，產生(sheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能(neng)不足、雜(za)散(san)光(guang)(guang)(guang)、噪聲等(deng)，甚(shen)至儀(yi)(yi)器休止工(gong)作(zuo)，從而影(ying)響(xiang)儀(yi)(yi)器壽命。火焰能(neng)量指(zhi)示，操縱(zong)失(shi)誤顯(xian) 示，打印(yin)結(jie)果等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。其基本(ben)結(jie)構包括光(guang)(guang)(guang)源，原子化器，光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)系(xi)統(tong)，試點的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置,而后(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)些標定(ding)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺度(du)(du)片(pian),紫外(wai)可見(jian)分光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計對被檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紫外(wai)可見(jian)分光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)散(san)光(guang)(guang)(guang)進行檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)。目前市(shi)場已(yi)經存(cun)在(zai)一種既(ji)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于核酸(suan)、紫外(wai)蛋白質定(ding)量， 因為另外(wai)測(ce)試的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣品量不同。

       必需準(zhun)確(que)使用吸收(shou)池(chi)，保護吸收(shou)池(chi)光學面。單色器(qi)是儀器(qi)的核心部門,裝在密封盒內不能拆開,為防止色散元件(jian)受潮發霉(mei),必需常常 更換蛋色器(qi)盒干燥劑，為了(le)延長(chang)光源(yuan)使用壽(shou)命(ming)，在不使時不要開光源(yuan)燈(deng)。儀器(qi)工作電源(yuan)一(yi)般為220V,答應10%的電壓(ya)波動。可(ke)見分光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計(ji)比色(se)完(wan)畢，關上(shang)電源，掏出(chu)比色(se)皿洗凈，樣(yang)品(pin)室用(yong)軟布或(huo)軟紙擦凈。亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)蛋(dan)白比色(se)法測定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)杯(bei)，樣(yang)品(pin)用(yong)量僅需(xu)50μl比色(se)杯(bei)單個(ge)無菌包裝，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以回收樣(yang)品(pin)。分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀器(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)要懂得儀器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常維護(hu)和對(dui)(dui)(dui)主要技術指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)易測試方法，自己常常對(dui)(dui)(dui)儀器(qi)進行(xing)維護(hu)和測試，以保證儀器(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)在最(zui)佳狀態(tai)。紫外(wai)、可(ke)(ke)(ke)見分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)計是(shi)一(yi)種常規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗室分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)儀器(qi)。分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)計采用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以產(chan)生(sheng)多個(ge)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源，通(tong)過系列(lie)分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)裝置，從而(er)(er)產(chan)生(sheng)特定(ding)(ding)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源透過測試的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)品(pin)后，部(bu)門光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源被吸(xi)收，計算(suan)樣(yang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)值，從而(er)(er)轉化成(cheng)樣(yang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)。在照明(ming)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路(lu)中，引用(yong)了(le)照明(ming)集光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡和聚光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡，其(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微調(diao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)軸平板是(shi)為了(le)調(diao)整照明(ming)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路(lu)與成(cheng)像光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)軸，使其(qi)兩者(zhe)位于(yu)統一(yi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)軸上(shang)。因為長途運(yun)輸或(huo)室內搬運(yun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能造成(cheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源位置偏(pian)移，導致亮電流(liu)漂(piao)移增大。它是(shi)以一(yi)個(ge)線性(xing)同(tong)余組(zu)合(he)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)列(lie)為基礎，再用(yong)另外(wai)一(yi)個(ge)線性(xing)同(tong)余組(zu)合(he)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)該隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)列(lie)進行(xing)重新(xin)(xin)排列(lie)，得到(dao)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)列(lie)作(zuo)(zuo)為實際(ji)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)。再根(gen)據檢測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據,作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)被檢儀器(qi)是(shi)否合(he)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判定(ding)(ding)。不(bu)同(tong)物質對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)同(tong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長入射光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收程度(du)各不(bu)相同(tong)，從而(er)(er)形成(cheng)特征性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)譜。老是(shi)在一(yi)臺光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)正確度(du)比被檢測儀器(qi)要高2～3倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器(qi)上(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)尺(chi)度(du)片進行(xing)標定(ding)(ding),而(er)(er)后用(yong)這些標定(ding)(ding)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)片對(dui)(dui)(dui)被檢測的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紫外可(ke)見分光光度計的(de)光度(du)(du)(du)正確度(du)(du)(du)進行檢測。將敏(min)捷度(du)(du)(du)開(kai)關調至“1”檔。這(zhe)個值(zhi)當然越(yue)小越(yue)好(hao)(hao)了(le)。這(zhe)個指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)也是(shi)越(yue)小越(yue)好(hao)(hao)。在暗箱(xiang)蓋(gai)開(kai)啟狀態下(xia)調節零點調節器，使(shi)(shi)讀(du)數(shu)盤指(zhi)(zhi)針指(zhi)(zhi)向t=0處。儀(yi)器每次(ci)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)完畢(bi)，應于燈(deng)室(shi)(shi)內放置數(shu)袋(dai)硅(gui)膠(或(huo)(huo)其(qi)它(ta)干燥(zao)劑(ji))，以(yi)免反(fan)射鏡受潮霉(mei)(mei)變或(huo)(huo)沾(zhan)污，影響儀(yi)器使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，同時蓋(gai)好(hao)(hao)防塵罩。分(fen)光光度(du)(du)(du)法不僅適應于可(ke)見(jian)光區(qu)(qu)，同時還可(ke)擴展至紫外(wai)光區(qu)(qu)及(ji)紅外(wai)光區(qu)(qu)，因此給(gei)科研實驗(yan)帶來了(le)極大利便(bian)。接(jie)通電源，打(da)開(kai)儀(yi)器開(kai)關，掀開(kai)樣品室(shi)(shi)暗箱(xiang)蓋(gai)，預熱10分(fen)鐘。具有(you)鉀、鈉濃度(du)(du)(du)直讀(du)，曲線(xian)擬合，敏(min)捷度(du)(du)(du)漂移，自(zi)動校(xiao)正，自(zi)動調滿度(du)(du)(du)。可(ke)廣(guang)泛(fan)用(yong)于無機物、有(you)機物的(de)定性，定量，儀(yi)器每次(ci)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)完畢(bi)，應于燈(deng)室(shi)(shi)內放置數(shu)袋(dai)硅(gui)膠(或(huo)(huo)其(qi)它(ta)干燥(zao)劑(ji))，以(yi)免反(fan)射鏡受潮霉(mei)(mei)變或(huo)(huo)沾(zhan)污，影響儀(yi)器使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，同時蓋(gai)好(hao)(hao)防塵罩。 2?雜散光它(ta)指(zhi)(zhi)不應該有(you)光的(de)地方(fang)有(you)了(le)光。該光度計是食物廠、飲用水廠辦理QS、HACCP認證的必備檢修設備。 
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       光(guang)度(du)正(zheng)確(que)度(du)檢測尺度(du)液的測試(shi)，我國質量技術監視局(ju)所屬(shu)的計量測試(shi)單位,可見分(fen)光光度計對很多有(you)(you)關企業(ye)在(zai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)紫外可(ke)見分光光度(du)(du)計(ji)的(de)(de)光度(du)(du)正確(que)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)檢測,一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)是采(cai)用(yong)(yong)尺度(du)(du)片(如中性(xing)灰片或某(mou)些(xie)有(you)(you)特(te)殊吸(xi)收峰的(de)(de)透紫石(shi)英片)來進行的(de)(de)。儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)長(chang)時(shi)間不(bu)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)，應定時(shi)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)預熱，每(mei)周1次(ci)，每(mei)次(ci)30min，以(yi)保(bao)證儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)處(chu)于良好使用(yong)(yong)狀態。一(yi)般(ban)測試核酸和紫外定量蛋(dan)白，比(bi)色杯(bei)依照材質大致分為(wei)石(shi)英杯(bei)、玻璃杯(bei)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)塑料杯(bei)。有(you)(you)前(qian)(qian)提(ti)者應于室內配備空調機及(ji)(ji)除濕機，以(yi)確(que)保(bao)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)機能不(bu)亂。此(ci)時(shi)對光源位置進行調整，直(zhi)至達到有(you)(you)關技(ji)術指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)為(wei)止。試想(xiang)，一(yi)臺(tai)外型呆板、做工粗拙的(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)，怎么可(ke)能是一(yi)臺(tai)提(ti)高前(qian)(qian)輩的(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)呢？然(ran)后(hou)，我們探討一(yi)下(xia)會對儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)很大影響的(de)(de)幾個重要指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)：1?光度(du)(du)正確(que)度(du)(du)光度(du)(du)正確(que)度(du)(du)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)際丈量的(de)(de)光度(du)(du)讀數值與真值之差。若(ruo)經調整校正后(hou)波長(chang)正確(que)度(du)(du)、暗電(dian)(dian)源漂移及(ji)(ji)亮電(dian)(dian)流漂移三項樞紐指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)仍未符合要求，則應休止使用(yong)(yong)，并及(ji)(ji)時(shi)通(tong)(tong)知有(you)(you)關技(ji)術職員(yuan)檢驗。根據所需波長(chang)滾動波長(chang)選擇鈕。如EppendorfUVette®塑料比(bi)色杯(bei)，光度計(ji)目前(qian)比色杯(bei)市(shi)場上(shang)一個革新。它有單光(guang)(guang)束，雙光(guang)(guang)束，雙波(bo)道，多波(bo)道等(deng)結構(gou)形式。實驗分(fen)(fen)析(xi)及結果以溶液濃(nong)度(du)(du)在線檢測儀的照明光(guang)(guang)路為例，運用該軟件進行分(fen)(fen)析(xi)。熱天時(shi)不能用電扇直接向儀器吹風，防止(zhi)燈泡燈絲發亮不不亂。分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計屬(shu)于精(jing)密儀器, 應當妥善保(bao)管(guan)和精(jing)心(xin)維(wei)護, 這樣才能保(bao)證(zheng)分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計長期使用。可見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度計光電轉換元件不(bu)能長時(shi)間暴(bao)光,應避免強光照射或受潮積塵. 我公司出產(chan)經營的光度計(ji)機能不(bu)亂，操縱簡樸，價格(ge)低廉，歡迎選購！

       光度計(ji)按要求輸入(ru)(ru)各項參數(shu)(shu)(shu)，選擇相應比(bi)色(se)杯(bei)(玻璃或石(shi)英(ying))，將(jiang)空缺(que)管、尺度(du)(du)(du)管及待(dai)(dai)測管依次(ci)放入(ru)(ru)比(bi)色(se)皿架內，關上比(bi)色(se)池蓋。那么，如何評價一臺紫外、可見(jian)分(fen)光光度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)的(de)優劣(lie)呢？首先(xian)，要考察它的(de)外觀。它主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于痕(hen)量元(yuan)素雜質的(de)分(fen)析，具有敏捷(jie)度(du)(du)(du)高及選擇性好(hao)兩大主要長處(chu)。 5?噪聲(sheng)噪聲(sheng)也是儀器(qi)(qi)的(de)重要指標之一。為了(le)將(jiang)這個(ge)相關性降低(di)到最低(di)限度(du)(du)(du)，本設計(ji)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)線(xian)性同余組合(he)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)。接(jie)通穩壓器(qi)(qi)電(dian)源，待(dai)(dai)穩壓器(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)壓不(bu)亂至200V后打開光度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)電(dian)源，儀器(qi)(qi)自動進(jin)入(ru)(ru)初始化。本文用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)構造(zao)的(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)“攪亂”Visual Basic（本軟件采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)Visual Basic編程語言(yan)）中Rn 函數(shu)(shu)(shu)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，可以(yi)得(de)到很好(hao)的(de)效果，該算法的(de)步驟如下1）先(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Rnd（）函數(shu)(shu)(shu)對組合(he)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)緩(huan)沖數(shu)(shu)(shu)組U（U 1，U 2，U k）進(jin)行初始化；2）再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)構造(zao)隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)< 1，k >區(qu)間上平均分(fen)布(bu)的(de)隨(sui)機(ji)整數(shu)(shu)(shu)I；3）令r n = U I，n從1開始；4）從Rnd（）函數(shu)(shu)(shu)再(zai)產生(sheng)(sheng)一個(ge)隨(sui)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，紫外可見分光(guang)光(guang)度計替換剛才被選中的(de)(de)U I元(yuan)素(su)；5）重復2）～4），得(de)到組合(he)隨機數列r n，即(ji)為組合(he)發生器產生的(de)(de)序列。應具備(bei)四季恒(heng)濕的(de)(de)儀器室(shi)，配置(zhi)恒(heng)溫設備(bei)，特(te)別是地處南方(fang)地區的(de)(de)實驗(yan)室(shi)。給大家先容(rong)一(yi)下光度(du)計(ji)的(de)(de)設計(ji)特(te)點：比(bi)色完畢，關(guan)上電源(yuan)，掏出(chu)比(bi)色皿洗(xi)凈，樣品室(shi)用軟(ruan)布或軟(ruan)紙擦凈。可見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度計(ji)把多個獨立的(de)隨機數(shu)發(fa)生器組合(he)起來(lai)，可(ke)(ke)以得(de)到(dao)周期(qi)更長(chang)、統計(ji)(ji)性(xing)質更優的(de)隨機數(shu)，這(zhe)種方法就稱(cheng)為線(xian)(xian)性(xing)同余組合(he)發(fa)生器。矢量法光(guang)線(xian)(xian)追(zhui)跡(ji)理(li)論采用X軸(zhou)與光(guang)軸(zhou)重合(he)、可(ke)(ke)見分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)坐標原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)在球(qiu)面頂點(dian)(dian)并以XO Y坐標面為子午面的(de)右(you)手坐標系。將敏捷(jie)度(du)(du)開關調至“1”檔（若零點(dian)(dian)調節器調不(bu)到(dao)“0”時，需(xu)(xu)選用較高檔。分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)就是(shi)利(li)用分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)法對(dui)物質進行定量定性(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析的(de)儀(yi)器。線(xian)(xian)性(xing)不(bu)亂性(xing)、重現性(xing)好，尤其適合(he)臨床應用。表征(zheng)儀(yi)器的(de)光(guang)譜分(fen)(fen)(fen)辨率。以上(shang)是(shi)數(shu)字光(guang)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)先(xian)容，我公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)出(chu)產(chan)的(de)光(guang)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)質量可(ke)(ke)靠，價格公(gong)(gong)(gong)道，歡迎泛博新老客戶來(lai)我公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)實地考察，洽商合(he)作(zuo)！光(guang)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)是(shi)我公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)主營產(chan)品(pin)之一，下(xia)(xia)面給大家先(xian)容一下(xia)(xia)光(guang)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)特點(dian)(dian)。根據所需(xu)(xu)波長(chang)滾動(dong)波長(chang)選擇鈕。因此必(bi)需(xu)(xu)按期(qi)清潔，保(bao)障環(huan)境和儀(yi)器室內衛生前(qian)提，防塵。

       因為長途運(yun)輸或室內搬運(yun)可能(neng)(neng)造(zao)成光源(yuan)位置偏(pian)移，導致亮電流漂移增(zeng)大。在(zai)未按通電源(yuan)之(zhi)前，應該對(dui)儀器的安全(quan)機能(neng)(neng)進行檢(jian)查，電源(yuan)接線應牢(lao)固(gu)，紫外可見(jian)分光(guang)光(guang)度計通電也要(yao)良好，各個(ge)調節旋鈕的起始位置應該準確，然后再(zai)按(an)通電源開關。 可(ke)見分光光度計已經可(ke)以做到無需稀釋樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)，無需使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比色(se)杯，每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)測量(liang)僅需1-2μl樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)即可(ke)完(wan)成測量(liang)。接通電(dian)源，打開(kai)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)開(kai)關，掀開(kai)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)室(shi)暗箱蓋(gai)，預熱10分(fen)(fen)鐘。維護保養時(shi)(shi)應(ying)按期加以校(xiao)正(zheng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)有哪些特(te)征？光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)線性不亂性、重現(xian)性好，尤其適(shi)合(he)臨床應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)測定每(mei)(mei)種(zhong)元素(su)均需要相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)心陰極燈，這對檢測工作(zuo)帶(dai)(dai)來不便。根據不同的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)體積。儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)室(shi)不得(de)存放(fang)酸、堿(jian)、揮發性或(huo)侵蝕性等物質(zhi)，以免損(sun)壞儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)。蓋(gai)上(shang)暗箱蓋(gai)，調(diao)節“100”調(diao)節器(qi)，使(shi)(shi)空(kong)缺管的(de)(de)(de)t=100，指針不亂后逐步拉出(chu)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)滑竿(gan)，分(fen)(fen)別讀(du)出(chu)測定管的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)密度(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)，并記實(shi)。有時(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)尺度(du)(du)(du)片(將NaI、NaNO2固化(hua)在石英片基中)來測試紫外可(ke)見分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)雜散光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)。樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)值(zhi)與樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)成正(zheng)比。將空(kong)缺液及測定液分(fen)(fen)別倒入比色(se)杯3/4處，用(yong)(yong)(yong)擦鏡紙擦清外壁，放(fang)入樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)室(shi)內，使(shi)(shi)空(kong)缺管對準光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路。按照比耳定律，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)帶(dai)(dai)寬(kuan)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)越小(xiao)(xiao)越好的(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)假如儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源能量(liang)弱，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學傳感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)敏捷(jie)度(du)(du)(du)低(di)時(shi)(shi)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)帶(dai)(dai)寬(kuan)小(xiao)(xiao)了(le)，也得(de)不到理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)量(liang)結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)公司是(shi)(shi)專業的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法，下(xia)(xia)面給大家(jia)先容一下(xia)(xia)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)如何讓(rang)準確使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)檢測結束后應(ying)檢查比色(se)池內有否溶(rong)液溢(yi)出(chu)，若有溢(yi)出(chu)應(ying)隨時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)濾紙吸(xi)干，以免引起丈(zhang)量(liang)誤差或(huo)影響儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。具(ju)有鉀(jia)、鈉濃度(du)(du)(du)直讀(du)，曲線擬(ni)合(he)，敏捷(jie)度(du)(du)(du)漂(piao)移，自動校(xiao)正(zheng)，自動調(diao)滿(man)度(du)(du)(du)。光度計(ji)近(jin)軸光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)追跡理論在很多成像(xiang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)輔助軟(ruan)件中使(shi)用(yong)，例如(ru)OS2 LO、ZEMAX等等，當照明光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)系(xi)統口徑不超(chao)出近(jin)軸區域的(de)(de)范圍時(shi)，該方(fang)法對整個照明光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)系(xi)統的(de)(de)分析(xi)和評價是(shi)正確的(de)(de) 精確光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)追跡能夠正確地進(jin)行光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)追跡，因為計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)編程難以實(shi)現，因此(ci)使(shi)用(yong)面(mian)得到了一定的(de)(de)限制。再根據(ju)檢(jian)測的(de)(de)數據(ju),作(zuo)出被檢(jian)儀(yi)器(qi)是(shi)否合格的(de)(de)判(pan)定。將空(kong)缺液(ye)及測定液(ye)分別倒入(ru)比(bi)色杯3/4處(chu)，用(yong)擦鏡紙擦清外壁，放(fang)入(ru)樣品室內(nei)，使(shi)空(kong)缺管對準光(guang)(guang)(guang)路。分光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計(ji)使(shi)用(yong)留意事項：使(shi)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計(ji)前，使(shi)用(yong)者(zhe)應該首先了解本儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)結構(gou)和工作(zuo)原(yuan)理，以及各個操作(zuo)旋鈕之(zhi)功能。

        光度計雜散光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)測(ce)試(shi)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)片的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)，我國質量技(ji)術監視局的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)量測(ce)試(shi)單位,對很多(duo)有(you)關企(qi)業(ye)在用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)雜散光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce),有(you)時采用(yong)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(如NaI、NaNO2等)來進行(xing)。用(yong)一臺光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)正(zheng)確度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)比被檢測(ce)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)正(zheng)確度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要高2～3倍的(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji),對尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液進行(xing)標(biao)定,找出檢修測(ce)試(shi)點的(de)(de)(de)位置,而(er)(er)后用(yong)這些標(biao)定過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液對被檢測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)雜散光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)進行(xing)檢測(ce)。而(er)(er)塑料杯(bei)一般不適(shi)適(shi)用(yong)于在紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)范圍內測(ce)試(shi)樣(yang)品。分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)已經成(cheng)為現代分(fen)子生物實驗室常(chang)規儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)。它表征儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)做稀溶(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)能力。因(yin)此追跡到照(zhao)明平面的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)是(shi)最真實的(de)(de)(de)。由于反應中的(de)(de)(de)染料（如考馬斯亮蘭）能讓(rang)石英和玻(bo)璃著色，所以必須(xu)采用(yong)一次性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)塑料杯(bei)。紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)影(ying)響儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)機能的(de)(de)(de)重要因(yin)素(su)。有(you)人說，紫(zi)(zi)外(wai)、可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)就(jiu)是(shi)一把尺(chi)子一個(ge)天平，凡是(shi)有(you)化驗、紫外可見(jian)分(fen)光光度計分(fen)析的(de)(de)地方都能用(yong)(yong)(yong)到它。試樣(yang)槽(cao)依(yi)次移至樣(yang)品(pin)位置，待數據顯示不亂(luan)(luan)后(hou)按(an)“START/STOP”鍵(jian)，打印機(ji)自動(dong)打印所測(ce)數據，重復(fu)上述步驟，直到所有樣(yang)品(pin)檢測(ce)完(wan)畢。紫外可見(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計在計量領(ling)域的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計的(de)(de)指針(zhen)必需(xu)于“0”刻線(xian)上，若(ruo)不是這(zhe)種情況，則可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)電表上的(de)(de)校正螺絲(si)進行調節(jie)。。下面給大家先容一下分(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計的(de)(de)技術原理(li)：可見(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計.蓋上暗箱蓋，調節(jie)“100”調節(jie)器，使空缺管(guan)的(de)(de)t=100，指針(zhen)不亂(luan)(luan)后(hou)逐步拉出樣(yang)品(pin)滑竿，分(fen)別讀出測(ce)定管(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)密度(du)(du)值，并記實。光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計是我(wo)公司的(de)(de)主營產品(pin)之一，產品(pin)質(zhi)量好，機(ji)能不亂(luan)(luan)，深受泛博消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)好評(ping)。有前(qian)提者(zhe)應于室(shi)內配備空調機(ji)及除(chu)濕(shi)機(ji)，以確保儀器機(ji)能不亂(luan)(luan)。 4?不亂(luan)(luan)性不亂(luan)(luan)性是使用(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)最關注的(de)(de)指標之一。數字光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)計小巧(qiao)結子，可(ke)見分光光度(du)計且結構(gou)簡(jian)樸易于(yu)操縱使用(yong)，是用(yong)于(yu)測光(guang)(guang)度(du)的(de)理想精(jing)確(que)(que)儀器(qi)。常用(yong)于(yu)核(he)酸，蛋白定量以及細(xi)菌生(sheng)長濃度(du)的(de)定量。用(yong)一臺光(guang)(guang)度(du)正(zheng)確(que)(que)度(du)比(bi)被檢測儀器(qi)的(de)光(guang)(guang)度(du)正(zheng)確(que)(que)度(du)要高2～3倍的(de)紫(zi)外可(ke)見分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)計(ji),對尺度(du)液進(jin)行標(biao)(biao)定,而后用(yong)這些標(biao)(biao)定過的(de)尺度(du)液,來對被檢測的(de)紫(zi)外可(ke)見分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)計(ji)的(de)光(guang)(guang)度(du)正(zheng)確(que)(que)度(du)進(jin)行檢測。目前國外Nanodrop公司（現已被ThermoFisher公司收購）出產的(de)ND1000分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)計(ji)與(yu)舊式分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)計(ji)比(bi)擬(ni)， 跟著(zhu)科(ke)技的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。跟著(zhu)生(sheng)命科(ke)學以及相關學科(ke)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，對此類(lei)科(ke)學的(de)實驗(yan)(yan)研究提出更(geng)高的(de)要求(qiu)，分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)計(ji)將是分(fen)(fen)子生(sheng)物(wu)學實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)不可(ke)缺少的(de)儀器(qi)，也(ye)成(cheng)為微生(sheng)物(wu)、食物(wu)、制(zhi)藥等相關實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)的(de)必備設備之一。

       光(guang)(guang)(guang)度正確(que)度檢(jian)測尺度片的測試，儀器使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)周期后，內(nei)部(bu)(bu)會積累一(yi)定(ding)(ding)量的塵埃，最(zui)好(hao)由維修(xiu)工程師或在工程師指導下按(an)期開啟儀器外罩對(dui)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)進(jin)行(xing)除塵工作(zuo)，同時將各發燒(shao)元(yuan)件的散熱(re)器重新緊固，對(dui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學盒的密封(feng)窗口進(jin)行(xing)清(qing)(qing)潔，必要時對(dui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)路(lu)進(jin)行(xing)校準，對(dui)機械部(bu)(bu)門進(jin)行(xing)清(qing)(qing)潔和必要的潤滑，最(zui)后，恢復(fu)原狀(zhuang)，再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)些必要的檢(jian)測、調校與記(ji)實(shi)。紫外可(ke)見分光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計采用(yong)微機控制并進(jin)行(xing)數(shu)據處理。所以，選擇和使(shi)用(yong)儀器時一(yi)定(ding)(ding)留意(yi)。矢量法光(guang)(guang)(guang)線追跡(ji)在進(jin)行(xing)三維矢量追跡(ji)中非常實(shi)用(yong)，在超出近軸區域所定(ding)(ding)義的范圍時也能正確(que)追跡(ji)。用(yong)干涉濾光(guang)(guang)(guang)片作(zuo)為分光(guang)(guang)(guang)元(yuan)件，光(guang)(guang)(guang)電管(guan)進(jin)行(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)電轉(zhuan)換。均采用(yong)石英杯(bei)(bei)或者玻璃杯(bei)(bei)，但是不適合比(bi)色法測定(ding)(ding)。下面重點先容分光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計的使(shi)用(yong)及留意(yi)事項。可(ke)見(jian)分光光度計(ji)室應通常保持潔凈干燥(zao)，室溫以(yi)5-35℃為宜，相(xiang)對溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得超(chao)過85%。所以(yi)一般分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計廠(chang)家提(ti)供不(bu)(bu)(bu)同容積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)色杯以(yi)知足用(yong)戶(hu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)帶寬指(zhi)從(cong)單(dan)(dan)色器(qi)射(she)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)色光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)線(xian)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)輪廓(kuo)曲線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/2高度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)譜(pu)帶寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。若經調整(zheng)校正后波(bo)長(chang)正確度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、暗電源漂(piao)移及(ji)(ji)亮電流漂(piao)移三(san)項樞紐指(zhi)標仍未符合要求(qiu)，則應休(xiu)止(zhi)使用(yong)，并(bing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)通知有關技(ji)術(shu)職(zhi)員(yuan)檢驗。   利用(yong)待測元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共振輻射(she)，通過其原(yuan)子蒸汽，測定(ding)其吸光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置稱為原(yuan)子吸收分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計。 現(xian)在比(bi)色杯已(yi)經不(bu)(bu)(bu)是使用(yong)分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必備物(wu)品。它(ta)是用(yong)戶(hu)對儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)要求(qiu)，每個用(yong)戶(hu)都(dou)必需(xu)正視(shi)。以(yi)空(kong)缺管(guan)自(zi)動調零(ling)。但愿(yuan)大家在選購紫外、可(ke)見分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計時(shi)，多做比(bi)較(jiao)，多做判定(ding)，切實找到一個不(bu)(bu)(bu)亂可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好幫手。光度計(ji)初次使(shi)用或使(shi)用較長(chang)時(shi)間(一般為(wei)一年(nian))，需檢查波長(chang)正確度(du)，以(yi)確保檢測結果的可靠性。我(wo)公司是專業出(chu)產(chan)分析儀(yi)器(qi)的現(xian)代企業，竭誠歡迎各界(jie)朋(peng)友光臨惠顧(gu)，切磋學習，聯袂共(gong)創夸姣(jiao)未(wei)來！紫外可見(jian)分光光度(du)計有比色杯(bei)和毛細比色杯(bei)等(deng)(deng)。火(huo)焰能(neng)量指示，操縱(zong)失誤顯示，打(da)印(yin)結果等(deng)(deng)功能(neng)。在暗箱蓋開(kai)啟(qi)狀態下調(diao)節零點調(diao)節器(qi)，使(shi)讀數盤指針指向t=0處。 7.儀(yi)器(qi)室(shi)不(bu)得(de)存放酸、堿、揮發性或侵蝕性等(deng)(deng)物(wu)質，以(yi)免損壞儀(yi)器(qi)。雜散光檢測用的尺度(du)液的測試，紫外可見分(fen)光光度計 我國質量技術監視局所屬的計量測試單位,對很多有關企業在用的紫外可見分光光度計的光度正確度的檢測,有時采用尺度液(如重鉻酸鉀等)來進行。我公司銷售的光度計質量可靠，價格公道，歡迎泛博新老客戶來我公司實地考察，洽商合作！分光光度計是光度計的一種，下面給大家先容一下分光光度計的應用。火焰能量指示，操縱失誤顯示，打印結果等功能。 
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