波(bo)(bo)長的正確度和(he)重復性儀器的每個值(zhi)都(dou)是在一定的波(bo)(bo)長下(xia)測得的，假(jia)如所示的波(bo)(bo)長和(he)實際波(bo)(bo)長偏差萬里，那(nei)么測出的值(zhi)和(he)真(zhen)值(zhi)的吻合度從(cong)何談起(qi)呢？可見這個指(zhi)標的重要性。光度計線(xian)性不亂性、重現性好，尤其適合(he)(he)臨床應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)干涉濾(lv)光(guang)(guang)片作為(wei)分光(guang)(guang)元件，光(guang)(guang)電(dian)管(guan)進(jin)行(xing)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉換；采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)微機控(kong)制并進(jin)行(xing)數據處理；原子吸(xi)收分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度計(ji)(ji)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于特種氣體(ti)，金(jin)屬有(you)機化合(he)(he)物，金(jin)屬醇鹽中微量(liang)(liang)元素的(de)分析。光(guang)(guang)度計(ji)(ji)組(zu)合(he)(he)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)在保持隨機數列平均(jun)性，甚(shen)至是有(you)所進(jin)步平均(jun)性的(de)同時，大(da)大(da)進(jin)步了(le)所得隨機數列的(de)獨立性，由(you)此可(ke)(ke)見所得組(zu)合(he)(he)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)具有(you)很(hen)好的(de)統計(ji)(ji)性質，符合(he)(he)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)要求。紫外可(ke)(ke)見分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度計(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)微機控(kong)制并進(jin)行(xing)數據處理。每次(ci)檢測結束(shu)后應(ying)檢查比色(se)池內有(you)否溶液溢(yi)出(chu)，若有(you)溢(yi)出(chu)應(ying)隨時用(yong)(yong)(yong)濾(lv)紙吸(xi)干，以免引起(qi)丈量(liang)(liang)誤差或影響儀器(qi)(qi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。運用(yong)(yong)(yong)線(xian)性同余組(zu)合(he)(he)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)改進(jin)線(xian)性同余法(fa)的(de)長處是計(ji)(ji)算量(liang)(liang)少(shao)、可見分光(guang)光(guang)度計(ji)速度快，缺(que)點是(shi)在逐次調用(yong)中產生的(de)隨機數是(shi)序列相(xiang)關的(de)。探測頭是(shi)由一(yi)種非常不(bu)亂、耐用(yong)的(de)硅光敏(min)二(er)極(ji)管和光譜響應(ying)過濾(lv)器(qi)組成，對不(bu)同角度的(de)輸(shu)入(ru)光有充分(fen)的(de)補(bu)償和校正作用(yong)。光度計留意事項，紫外可見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計檢測(ce)結束后應及(ji)時(shi)掏出比(bi)(bi)色杯，并清洗干(gan)凈(jing)(jing)放(fang)回(hui)原處(chu)，同時(shi)關上(shang)儀器電(dian)源(yuan)開關及(ji)穩壓器電(dian)源(yuan)開關，做好使用情況登記。721型分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)計的基本依據(ju)(ju)是朗伯(bo)—比(bi)(bi)耳(er)定(ding)(ding)律，它是根據(ju)(ju)相(xiang)對(dui)丈(zhang)量原理工(gong)作的，即先選定(ding)(ding)某一溶劑作為尺度(du)溶液，設(she)定(ding)(ding)其透(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)為100%，被(bei)測(ce)試(shi)樣(yang)的透(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)是相(xiang)對(dui)于尺度(du)溶液而言的，即讓單(dan)色光(guang)(guang)分別通過(guo)被(bei)測(ce)試(shi)樣(yang)和尺度(du)溶液，二者能(neng)量的比(bi)(bi)值(zhi)就是在一定(ding)(ding)波長下對(dui)于被(bei)測(ce)試(shi)樣(yang)的透(tou)(tou)光(guang)(guang)率(lv)。儀器室(shi)應通常保持潔凈(jing)(jing)干(gan)燥，室(shi)溫以5-35℃為宜，相(xiang)對(dui)溫度(du)不得(de)超過(guo)85%。此時(shi)對(dui)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)位置進(jin)行調整，直(zhi)至達到(dao)有關技術指標(biao)為止(zhi)。

       電導儀其(qi)中在(zai)丈量(liang)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率小于2μs/cm的(de)(de)(de)純水(shui)時(shi)，可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)常數0.01、0.1的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)極；而在(zai)丈量(liang)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率大于20ms/cm的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液時(shi)，可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)常數為10的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)極。更換或修復電(dian)極系(xi)統即(ji)可(ke)；b. 電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)讀數鈕(niu)部(bu)門，有(you)時(shi)讀數鈕(niu)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)滑線電(dian)阻(zu)接觸(chu)不良(liang)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)干凈綢布等擦凈接觸(chu)點，使各處(chu)能接觸(chu)良(liang)好即(ji)可(ke)；c. 電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)倍率鈕(niu)部(bu)門，多因內部(bu)波段(duan)開(kai)關(guan)錯位或接觸(chu)不良(liang)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)棉(mian)花(hua)等吸取(qu)少(shao)量(liang)無水(shui)乙(yi)(yi)醇或三(san)氯乙(yi)(yi)烯等擦凈并(bing)復位即(ji)可(ke)；d. 電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)電(dian)容題目，有(you)時(shi)指示器的(de)(de)(de)光帶邊沿(yan)恍惚不清，可(ke)調整橋臂電(dian)容，以清楚為度。水(shui)溶(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率高低相依于其(qi)內含溶(rong)質(zhi)鹽的(de)(de)(de)濃度，或其(qi)它會分解(jie)為電(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)化學(xue)(xue)雜質(zhi)。當量(liang)程(cheng)開(kai)關(guan)扳在(zai)×0.1，扳在(zai)低周(zhou)。這時(shi)應把R調節(jie)在(zai)與所配套的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)常數項對應的(de)(de)(de)位置上。(3)各向(xiang)異性：有(you)些物質(zhi)會有(you)異向(xiang)性(anisotropic)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率，必須用(yong)(yong)(yong)3X3矩(ju)陣來表達(使用(yong)(yong)(yong)數學(xue)(xue)術語，第(di)二階張量(liang)，通(tong)常是(shi)對稱的(de)(de)(de))， (2)臺式電導儀摻(chan)雜程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：固態半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摻(chan)雜程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化。同時(shi)對于手動(dong)轉換多(duo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)得到最(zui)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試誤差(cha)(cha)，應盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)選擇(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)低量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檔(dang)測(ce)(ce)試；六(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)級(ji)別是(shi)以(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)試最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)誤差(cha)(cha)與量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)滿度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值之(zhi)比確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即所(suo)謂“引用(yong)誤差(cha)(cha)”。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)留意事項，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)多(duo)數(shu)情況下(xia)(xia)和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)液(ye)內離子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)呈正比，因此通過(guo)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)很(hen)(hen)輕易確定(ding)溶(rong)液(ye)內總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)解固體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)及溶(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。當使用(yong)后4個量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)(lai)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)300至(zhi)范圍里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體時(shi)，則將(jiang)(jiang)扳向(xiang)高(gao)周。G=1/R=(1/ρ)×(A/L)=K×(1/J)，其(qi)中，K=1/ρ稱為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，J=L/A稱為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)常(chang)數(shu)，據上(shang)(shang)(shang)式(shi)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(G)可表示(shi)成(cheng)下(xia)(xia)式(shi)：R=ρ×(L/A)，其(qi)中ρ為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),是(shi)長1cm，截面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)1cm2導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)決定(ding)于物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本性(xing)。檢定(ding)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，我(wo)們還發現溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)設(she)置會影響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池常(chang)數(shu)，分析表明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)補(bu)償(chang)本質上(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池常(chang)數(shu)補(bu)償(chang)是(shi)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，當儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)補(bu)償(chang)缺失或(huo)(huo)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)故障時(shi)，可以(yi)(yi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池常(chang)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)來(lai)(lai)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)補(bu)償(chang)。半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)跟著溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)高(gao)而增(zeng)高(gao)。3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采用(yong)了(le)(le)相(xiang)敏檢波器(qi)，按(an)捺了(le)(le)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)引線(xian)分布電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)對丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，因而本儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)無需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)補(bu)償(chang)，并(bing)且使低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)進步(bu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)時(shi)常(chang)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)系數(shu)來(lai)(lai)紀錄；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)系數(shu)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)25°C溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就是(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物質導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)越(yue)純凈，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)越(yue)低(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)越(yue)高(gao))。因此當兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(通常(chang)為(wei)(wei)鉑(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)或(huo)(huo)鉑(bo)(bo)黑(hei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji))插(cha)入溶(rong)液(ye)中，可以(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)出兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)(lai)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，主要受溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、摻(chan)雜程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)異向(xiang)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)(lai)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)密儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)，臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)廣泛應用(yong)于石(shi)油、化工、生物、醫藥、污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理、環境監(jian)測(ce)(ce)、礦業冶煉以(yi)(yi)及大(da)(da)(da)專院(yuan)校和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)研單位等。是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要指(zhi)標，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)越(yue)高(gao)，含(han)鹽量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)越(yue)低，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)越(yue)大(da)(da)(da)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)越(yue)小(xiao)）。從昨天(tian)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)件(jian)事，我(wo)深(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺到單位實在(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)很(hen)(hen)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)式(shi)可見，當已(yi)知電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)常(chang)數(shu)(J)，并(bing)測(ce)(ce)出溶(rong)液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(R)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(G)時(shi)，即可求(qiu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。將(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)選擇(ze)開(kai)關扳到所(suo)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)范圍，如預(yu)先(xian)不(bu)知被測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)，應先(xian)把其(qi)扳在(zai)(zai)(zai)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)檔(dang)，然后逐檔(dang)下(xia)(xia)降，以(yi)(yi)防表針打(da)彎(wan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一般(ban)都具(ju)有(you)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)特點：a. 對于不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，其(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)補(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢定(ding)步(bu)驟也(ye)(ye)不(bu)盡(jin)相(xiang)同，調(diao)(diao)整溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)示(shi)值時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)發生明顯變化; 一般(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實現溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)補(bu)償(chang)時(shi)常(chang)常(chang)會碰到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題目有(you)：將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)數(shu)Kcell設(she)為(wei)(wei)1.00cm-1，輸入某一信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)值(如50μS?cm-1)，調(diao)(diao)節溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)傳感(gan)器(qi)模(mo)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，使溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)示(shi)值為(wei)(wei)25℃和(he)(he)(he)15℃(35℃)，再分別讀取(qu)對應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)值KMR和(he)(he)(he)KMV。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)途，臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶(rong)液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)指(zhi)相(xiang)距1cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)平行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間充以(yi)(yi)1cm3溶(rong)液(ye)時(shi)所(suo)具(ju)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。臺式(shi)電導儀(yi)具有自動校準、功能設置、自動關機和低電壓顯示等智能化功能。插接電源線，打開電源開關，并預熱數分鐘調節調正器使電表滿度指示。電導儀的表頭很好選擇，住要是客戶每有說清晰電導率的單位是10MS仍是10us，所以我不知道該選配0.01的電極仍是0.1的電極。對于這類儀器，當溫度設置為25℃時，為不補償狀態，測得的電導率為KMR，而其他溫度下測得的電導率值為補償后的電導率值KMV，可實現溫度補償的檢定。因此，在測試對象廣，精度要求高以及高純水的情況下，應選器具有溫度系數補償可調的儀器，或純水電導儀。
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       國(guo)產電(dian)導儀都是手動(dong)溫度補償，溫度系數(shu)無法設(she)置，其(qi)默認值為2.00%/℃。便攜(xie)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)采用(yong)(yong)提高前(qian)輩的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)丈量(liang)(liang)技(ji)術(shu)，使用(yong)(yong)常(chang)數(shu)K=1的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，只(zhi)需一點校準(zhun)，即可知足(zu)0.5μS/cm ~ 200 mS/cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)(liang)精度要(yao)求，知道(dao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性，以后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，對于參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)(wei)也要(yao)很明確，否則很輕易泛起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇錯誤，而(er)導(dao)(dao)(dao)致丈量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不正確。通水將管道(dao)丈量(liang)(liang)裝置與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)泡驅盡，調節水流速（一般不低(di)于0.3m/s），并在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)池(chi)出口安裝溫度計，按(an)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)仿單操縱(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)(yi)（預熱、調零(ling)、校正及丈量(liang)(liang)），待(dai)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)讀數(shu)不亂(luan)后(hou)(hou)，記(ji)實水溫順(shun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)值。水的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)與(yu)其(qi)所含無機酸(suan)、堿(jian)、鹽的(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，當它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度較低(di)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)跟著濃度的(de)(de)(de)(de)增大而(er)增加，因此(ci)，該指(zhi)標常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于推測水中(zhong)(zhong)離子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總濃度或含鹽量(liang)(liang)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)指(zhi)標：臺式電(dian)導儀電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)指相(xiang)距1cm的(de)(de)兩平行電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)間充(chong)以1cm3溶液時所具(ju)有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。若無直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低時，應(ying)(ying)更(geng)換整流管或濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容。接著(zhu)校正(zheng)，當(dang)用1~8量(liang)(liang)(liang)程丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時，校正(zheng)時扳在(zai)低周。振(zhen)蕩管陽極(ji)(ji)應(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)約150V，二柵極(ji)(ji)約 60V。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)與溫(wen)度的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)性，時常可(ke)以表達(da)為(wei)(wei)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)對上溫(wen)度線圖的(de)(de)斜率(lv)(lv)。6. 西安(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)應(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)頓于干(gan)燥(zao)環(huan)境，臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)避免(mian)因水(shui)滴濺(jian)射或受潮(chao)引起(qi)儀(yi)表漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)或丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)誤差。根(gen)據(ju)被測水(shui)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)大小范(fan)圍(wei)，選配電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)常數為(wei)(wei)k=0.01、0.1、1.0或10的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，采用暢通流暢式(shi)、沉入(ru)式(shi)、法(fa)蘭式(shi)或管道(dao)安(an)(an)裝。金屬(shu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)跟著(zhu)溫(wen)度的(de)(de)增高(gao)而(er)降低。在(zai)線丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)該使用帶溫(wen)度計補(bu)償的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀(yi)，可(ke)以直接讀出25℃的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)值。一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)主要是有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電導儀(yi)極和表頭組成，昨天有個客戶想選擇一款實驗室用的電導儀，主要是用來丈量純化水的，電導率10以內，我就在為選擇那種電導儀的發愁，那主要題目出在哪里呢？⑵相對濕度:≤85%。⑴環境溫度:5～40℃，6、電導儀的正常使用前提：5、電導儀的重量：1.5kg，4、電導儀的形狀尺寸：206mm×180mm×72mm，3、電導儀的溫度補償范圍：10℃～40℃，2、電導儀的精密度：±2.0%(F.S)。
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       臺式(shi)電(dian)導儀電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)：使用(yong)(yong)時用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)夾夾緊(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)膠木帽，并(bing)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)夾把電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)固定在(zai)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)桿上。為了(le)要(yao)比(bi)(bi)較物質在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)狀況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率，必需設定一(yi)個(ge)共(gong)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)參考溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。3.電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)引線不(bu)能濕潤，否則將測(ce)不(bu)準。當被(bei)測(ce)溶液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率在(zai)~范圍(wei)，則使用(yong)(yong)DJS——1型鉑黑電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。R=ρ×(L/A)，電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(G)是電(dian)(dian)阻(R)的(de)(de)(de)倒數(shu)。在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)檢定過(guo)程中增加(jia)這一(yi)檢定項目也(ye)很有(you)必要(yao)。為了(le)不(bu)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率的(de)(de)(de)結果，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)般也(ye)帶(dai)有(you)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)補償，電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)補償功能就是為了(le)克服溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。指(zhi)(zhi)針式電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)： 5～40℃除地磁場外，無其它強磁干擾，二、a.電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示器動作不(bu)敏(min)捷，這時可更換(huan)放大管(guan)(guan)及電(dian)(dian)眼(yan)管(guan)(guan)，若仍(reng)不(bu)敏(min)捷則需檢查各(ge)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓及接(jie)線；b. 電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)若調橋路(lu)電(dian)(dian)容量后指(zhi)(zhi)示器光(guang)帶(dai)邊(bian)沿仍(reng)恍惚(hu)不(bu)清時可更換(huan)電(dian)(dian)眼(yan)管(guan)(guan)6E1或6E2，前者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)綠色熒光(guang)帶(dai)為扇(shan)形移動，后者(zhe)為上下移動，且接(jie)線不(bu)同(tong)。若有(you)電(dian)(dian)，再用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓500V檔(dang)測(ce)定整流(liu)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)，對地應有(you)約 200V以(yi)上。增加(jia)摻雜程度(du)(du)(du)(du)會造成高電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率。根據歐(ou)姆定律，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)定時，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)阻值與(yu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)間距L(cm)正(zheng)比(bi)(bi)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)截面積A(cm2)反(fan)比(bi)(bi)，即：那電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)般通過(guo)什么原(yuan)理(li)進行工作的(de)(de)(de)？電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率是以(yi)數(shu)字表(biao)示溶液(ye)(ye)傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)能力。將電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)插(cha)頭(tou)插(cha)入(ru)插(cha)口內(nei)，旋緊(jin)(jin)插(cha)口上的(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)(jin)固螺絲，電導儀(yi)在將電極浸入待測溶液中。KT=K0〔1 α(T-T0)〕(1)；在檢定過程中，只要測得不同溫度下的電導率值，通過JJG376-2007中的式(5)可求出儀器的溫度系數α，從而實現對電導率儀溫度補償系數的檢定。2、電導儀主要采用高機能集成電路組成的機能不亂的正弦波發生器，因此讀數不亂，漂移小；1、電導儀一般具有電極常數及溫度補償功能。
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       臺式(shi)電導(dao)儀在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)導(dao)儀過程中(zhong)，當用(yong)(yong)高周檔測(ce)不出正確平衡點(dian)時，可先更換振蕩管(guan)和陰極(ji)(ji)輸出管(guan)，若不能(neng)解決(jue)題目則需測(ce)兩管(guan)的(de)各(ge)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)壓和接線。電(dian)導(dao)儀就是(shi)丈量物質導(dao)電(dian)能(neng)力的(de)儀器(qi)，那么一(yi)般電(dian)導(dao)儀在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)主要受哪些因(yin)素的(de)影響呢(ni)？產(chan)業電(dian)導(dao)儀的(de)特點(dian)：電導儀采用(yong)(yong)帶(dai)背景光LCD顯(xian)示，具備錯誤指(zhi)示；自動溫度補償；隔離(li)4~20mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)；雙組(zu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器控制(zhi)，遲(chi)滯量可調，高低點報警指(zhi)示；掉(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)記憶，無需后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，資料保(bao)留十(shi)年(nian)以(yi)上。則應把R調節在0.95處，有如若配(pei)套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)常數為(wei)1.1，則應把R調節在1.1的(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)上。當被(bei)測溶液的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率大于，以(yi)致用(yong)(yong)DJS——1型鉑(bo)黑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)測不出(chu)(chu)時，則使用(yong)(yong)DJS——10型鉑(bo)黑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。同(tong)應把R調節在與(yu)所配(pei)套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)常數相對(dui)應的(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)上。 其(qi)中，K=1/ρ稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率，J=L/A稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)常數，G=1/R=(1/ρ)×(A/L)=K×(1/J)，據上式(shi)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(G)可表示成下式(shi)：其(qi)中ρ為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率,是長(chang)1cm，截面積為(wei)1cm2導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，其(qi)大小決定于物質的(de)本性(xing)。指(zhi)針式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)相對(dui)濕(shi)度≤85％，指(zhi)針式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源：220±22V AC／50Hz±2％，指(zhi)針式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)使用(yong)(yong)前提：輸(shu)入指(zhi)針式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)不亂性(xing)：0.67％／24h，指針式電導儀丈量范圍： 0.01～10  uS／cm，指針式電導儀的常用參數：臺式電導儀當用0~0.1或0~0.3這兩檔丈量高純水時，先把電極引線插入電極插孔，在電極未浸入溶液之前，調節使電表指示為最小值。在一段溫度值域內，電導率可以被近似為與溫度成正比。手動溫度補償，無防水等級。1.水的電阻率是指某一溫度下，邊長為1cm正方體的相對兩側間的電阻，單位為Ω.cm或MΩ.cm。為了克服溫度對溶液電導率的影響，應選器具有溫度補償的電導儀；指針式電導儀的特點：指針顯示，可接記實儀進行連載記實，具有0～10mV輸出信號(0～10mV)電導池常數為0.01，0.1，1及10cm-1四種類型的電導電極，由用戶選配電導儀主要用于丈量各種液體的電導率，可廣泛用于輕工、化工、食物、醫藥、衛生、能源、環境保護及教育和科研等行業部分，既然電導儀應用如斯廣泛，那么怎樣選購一臺合適的電導儀必定也成為我們十分關注的題目了，我們在選購電導儀的時候可以從以下方面的因素去考慮。 
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       電(dian)導儀使用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)在丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)純(chun)(chun)水或超純(chun)(chun)水時為了避免丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)值的(de)漂(piao)移(yi)現象建議(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)密(mi)封槽(cao)進行密(mi)封狀態下(xia)的(de)活動丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)，如(ru)果采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)燒杯取樣丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)會產(chan)(chan)生較大的(de)誤差(cha)，丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)準；一般選購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)，就從以上幾(ji)點去分(fen)析，肯定會讓用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)選擇一臺質量(liang)(liang)好價位(wei)合適(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)。產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：230V AC10%、50/60Hz，產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)溫度(du)(du)補償：0~65℃，產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)輸出信號(hao)：4~20mA隔離保護(hu)輸出。產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)精確度(du)(du)：0.02 us  0.01M，產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)分(fen)辨率：0.01 us  0.01M， 0~19.99 ms（配(pei)(pei)(pei)10電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極），0~1999 us（配(pei)(pei)(pei)1.0電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極）  0~199.9 us（配(pei)(pei)(pei)0.1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極）產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)范圍：0~19.99 us  (配(pei)(pei)(pei)0.01電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極)，產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)技術(shu)指標：西安電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)3 位(wei)液晶數(shu)字(zi)顯示(shi)(shi)，溫度(du)(du)與丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)值同時顯示(shi)(shi)，形狀美觀，顯示(shi)(shi)清楚。八、根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)功能和性價比去選擇，在價格相差(cha)未幾(ji)的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，應優(you)先考慮操縱(zong)簡樸、帶有自動存儲設置和校(xiao)正數(shu)據、自動量(liang)(liang)程轉換(huan)，自動溫度(du)(du)補償和溫度(du)(du)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)功能的(de)智能型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)；七(qi)、臺式電導儀假(jia)(jia)如(ru)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境溫度(du)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)35℃，一般不要選(xuan)(xuan)購(gou)LCD液(ye)晶顯示(shi)，長期工(gong)作溫度(du)高(gao)，可能會磨損液(ye)晶屏(ping)幕；假(jia)(jia)如(ru)儀(yi)器(qi)滿(man)量(liang)(liang)程是200μs/cm，2.0 級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)器(qi)最(zui)大(da)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)誤差(cha)為(wei)(wei)±4μs/cm假(jia)(jia)如(ru)儀(yi)器(qi)滿(man)量(liang)(liang)程是20μs/cm，2.0級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)器(qi)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)最(zui)大(da)誤差(cha)為(wei)(wei)±0.4μs/cm用(yong)(yong)戶應(ying)根(gen)據丈量(liang)(liang)精度(du)要求(qiu)，選(xuan)(xuan)定(ding)適當級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)。因(yin)此當兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(通常(chang)為(wei)(wei)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)鉑(bo)黑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji))插(cha)入溶液(ye)中，可以(yi)測(ce)(ce)出兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R。3.丈量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)時(shi)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)丈量(liang)(liang)裝置與制水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)相連(lian)(lian)接。例如(ru)，若(ruo)配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)0.95。在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)細安(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)需要留意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題目主要有(you)：九、在(zai)(zai)(zai)考(kao)慮了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素外，提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公司售后(hou)服務(wu)也是必(bi)定(ding)要考(kao)慮到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。選(xuan)(xuan)西安(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)，肯(ken)定(ding)沒錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)！產業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)是用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精密(mi)儀(yi)表(biao)，其功能全(quan)，機(ji)能不亂，操縱簡便等特(te)點(dian)，可廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、化(hua)工(gong)化(hua)肥、冶金、環(huan)保、制藥、生(sheng)化(hua)、食物和自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)等溶液(ye)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)續監測(ce)(ce)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)池(chi)插(cha)口未插(cha)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)就(jiu)有(you)指(zhi)示(shi)，這(zhe)是正常(chang)現象，因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)插(cha)口及接線有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容存在(zai)(zai)(zai)。四、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋部門故障主要表(biao)現，是不論用(yong)(yong)高(gao)周檔仍(reng)是低周檔在(zai)(zai)(zai)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)時(shi)旋轉(zhuan)讀數(shu)鈕或(huo)(huo)倍率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)鈕時(shi)指(zhi)示(shi)器(qi)均(jun)閃動不穩，或(huo)(huo)根(gen)本找不到平(ping)衡點(dian)。將(jiang)溶液(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際溫度(du)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)值轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)參考(kao)溫度(du)(一般為(wei)(wei)25℃)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)值，使(shi)(shi)得溶液(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不同溫度(du)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)具(ju)有(you)可比(bi)性，現在(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)場上所(suo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)都有(you)溫度(du)補償(chang)功能，以(yi)知(zhi)足各行各業(ye)比(bi)對或(huo)(huo)控(kong)制指(zhi)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單位是Ω.cm,即歐姆厘米。當選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)常(chang)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)10的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)時(shi)，丈量(liang)(liang)范圍擴展為(wei)(wei)2×105μs/cm。可再(zai)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)阻(zu)(zu)耳機(ji)或(huo)(huo)喇叭(低阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要通過輸出變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi))監聽，也可用(yong)(yong)示(shi)波(bo)器(qi)來跟蹤檢(jian)查各訊號點(dian)，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)可以(yi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)題目出在(zai)(zai)(zai)哪里。然后(hou)開始丈量(liang)(liang)。檢(jian)查時(shi)可按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸入、變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)低級(ji)、變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)次級(ji)低壓(ya)(ya)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順序進行檢(jian)查。我們前面也了解過酸度計，一般酸度計都涉及到溫度補償的題目，電導儀是丈量電導率用的儀器，那它也需要溫度補償嗎？
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       水的電導率受(shou)水的純度(du)、臺式電導儀溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)及丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)中(zhong)各(ge)種因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，純(chun)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)（或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇動態(tai)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，并采(cai)(cai)用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)補償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法將(jiang)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)值換算成25℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)，以(yi)便(bian)于(yu)進行計量(liang)和(he)(he)比(bi)較。一(yi)般便(bian)攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)很(hen)大，而跟著使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也在減小，精度(du)(du)也隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降低而降低，所以(yi)要及時(shi)更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)；二、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)除了與溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)有(you)關(guan)還受(shou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，而溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)與溶液(ye)中(zhong)離子濃度(du)(du)有(you)關(guan)，由此(ci)看來溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補償(chang)情況比(bi)較復(fu)雜(za)。 a.先檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)橋路中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系統，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)取下(xia)(xia)接(jie)人約(yue)(yue)1000歐(ou)姆(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)已(yi)知電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，若能測(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)約(yue)(yue)1000歐(ou)姆(mu)(mu)阻值則題目(mu)就在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)接(jie)線。譬如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開啟前后該如何去(qu)操(cao)縱這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，如何去(qu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)前會有(you)什么(me)題目(mu)，或(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)部件(jian)(jian)哪里沒(mei)有(you)啟動起來，這(zhe)些類似相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題目(mu)，以(yi)下(xia)(xia)我就來詳細分(fen)(fen)析下(xia)(xia)，讓(rang)用(yong)戶們多一(yi)點了解(jie)。常(chang)(chang)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)毫西門子，1uS/cm=0.001mS/m ；1000uS/cm=1mS/m。便(bian)攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)屬于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)里面比(bi)較利(li)便(bian)，而且丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)正確(que)，應(ying)用(yong)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。留意：為(wei)了進步丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)精度(du)(du)，當使(shi)(shi)用(yong)×，×這(zhe)兩檔時(shi)，校正必需在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池(chi)接(jie)妥電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)插頭插入插孔，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)浸入待測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)進行。如0.5 級(ji)，1.0 級(ji)，1.5 級(ji)，2.0級(ji)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)，其引用(yong)誤差(cha)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)0.5 %，1.0%，1.5%，2.0%。將(jiang)校正、丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)開關(guan)扳在校正位置。丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)待測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)分(fen)(fen)析法。 五、選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)純(chun)水(shui)及超純(chun)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)較復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，除了考(kao)慮溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補償(chang)外,還要留意以(yi)下(xia)(xia)題目(mu)，當被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)小于(yu)10μS/cm時(shi)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)≤0.1 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)進步測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)敏捷度(du)(du)。否則題目(mu)出(chu)在變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)級(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓或(huo)(huo)接(jie)線。用(yong)S表示(shi)(shi)，因為(wei)S單位太大。40～10ms/cm1、10顯示(shi)(shi)值×電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，30～2000.00μs/cm1顯示(shi)(shi)值×1，20～200.00μs/cm1顯示(shi)(shi)值×1，10～20.00μs/cm0.01、0.1、1顯示(shi)(shi)值×電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，量(liang)程溶液(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)建議使(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv).1.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)范(fan)圍：儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)范(fan)圍為(wei)0～2×105(μs/cm)，共分(fen)(fen)四個量(liang)程。5. 丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)精密(mi)部件(jian)(jian)，不(bu)可改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)形狀和(he)(he)尺寸，不(bu)可分(fen)(fen)解(jie)，且不(bu)可用(yong)強酸、強堿清洗，以(yi)免改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)而影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確(que)性；4. 因溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)補償(chang)系采(cai)(cai)用(yong)固定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)補償(chang)，故對高(gao)(gao)純(chun)水(shui)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)盡量(liang)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)不(bu)補償(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)進行丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)，測(ce)(ce)(ce)后查看表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況；3.電(dian)導儀電(dian)(dian)極(ji)插頭(tou)座不可受(shou)潮，儀(yi)表(biao)應安放于(yu)干燥的(de)(de)環境下，避免因受(shou)潮或水滴濺射引起儀(yi)表(biao)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)誤差或漏電(dian)(dian)；2.為(wei)確(que)保(bao)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)精(jing)度(du)，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)使用(yong)(yong)前(qian)應用(yong)(yong)小于(yu)0.5μS/cm的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)餾水(或去離子水)沖刷(shua)二(er)次(鉑黑電(dian)(dian)極(ji)干放一(yi)段時間后在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)前(qian)須在(zai)蒸(zheng)餾水中浸(jin)泡一(yi)會(hui)兒)，然后用(yong)(yong)被測試樣沖刷(shua)三(san)次方可丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)。

         對電(dian)導(dao)儀了解的(de)人都知道，溶液的(de)電(dian)導(dao)率與溫(wen)度有關，溫(wen)度升高(gao)，電(dian)導(dao)率增大。當用9~12量(liang)(liang)程丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，則校正時(shi)扳(ban)向高(gao)周(zhou)，即將(jiang)扳(ban)到(dao)校正，調(diao)(diao)節(jie)使指示針滿度。由上(shang)式可(ke)見，當已知電(dian)極常數(J)，并(bing)測出溶液電(dian)阻(R)或(huo)電(dian)導(dao)(G)時(shi)，即可(ke)求(qiu)出電(dian)導(dao)率。這時(shi)應把(ba)R調(diao)(diao)節(jie)在所配套(tao)的(de)電(dian)極的(de)常數的(de)位置(zhi)上(shang)，丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)讀數：一般的(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)其常數的(de)旋鈕都打(da)到(dao)1.0檔(dang)，丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)前調(diao)(diao)正ADI旋到(dao)最(zui)大值，然(ran)后再慢(man)慢(man)地調(diao)(diao)節(jie)，把(ba)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)開(kai)關打(da)到(dao)校正檔(dang)調(diao)(diao)好零點(dian)，選(xuan)好量(liang)(liang)程，再把(ba)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)開(kai)關打(da)到(dao)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)的(de)位置(zhi)然(ran)后再讀數，電(dian)導(dao)儀未開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開關(guan)前，觀察表(biao)針是(shi)否指零，如不知零，可調(diao)整表(biao)頭(tou)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)螺絲(si)使(shi)表(biao)針指零。水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣(yang)本的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)鹽成(cheng)分、含(han)(han)離(li)子(zi)成(cheng)分、含(han)(han)雜質成(cheng)分等(deng)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)指標。當使(shi)用前8個量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程來(lai)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)低于(yu)300的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體時(shi)(shi)，選(xuan)用低周(zhou)，這時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)板(ban)向低周(zhou)即可。被測(ce)(ce)液(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)小(xiao)于(yu)3μS/cm 時(shi)(shi)，除選(xuan)用J0=0.01的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)外(wai)，建議使(shi)用封鎖活動測(ce)(ce)試槽(cao)，以(yi)避(bi)免空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)二氧化碳溶入水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)增(zeng)加。水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)與其所含(han)(han)無(wu)(wu)機酸、堿、鹽的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)有一定的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，當它們的(de)(de)(de)濃度較(jiao)低時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)跟著濃度的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)大而增(zeng)加，因此，該(gai)指標常用于(yu)推(tui)測(ce)(ce)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)總濃度或(huo)含(han)(han)鹽量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。(1)溫度的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)與溫度具有很大相關(guan)性。當被測(ce)(ce)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)低于(yu)10，使(shi)用DJS——1型(xing)光(guang)亮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。檢查時(shi)(shi)可用萬能(neng)表(biao)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)500V檔.測(ce)(ce)整流管(guan)(guan)兩陽極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，應(ying)分別對地(di)各(ge)為約250V。⑶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan):AC(220±22)V；(50±1)Hz電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)主要(yao)是(shi)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)專用儀(yi)(yi)器。一、a. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)在高壓(ya)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)在指示燈及(ji)各(ge)燈絲(si)能(neng)亮，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)眼管(guan)(guan)不發綠光(guang)，且(qie)更換新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)眼管(guan)(guan)無(wu)(wu)效時(shi)(shi)，則(ze)題目可發生(sheng)在高壓(ya)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)部門。西安(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)它廣泛(fan)應(ying)用于(yu)石油化工、生(sheng)物醫藥、污水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理、環境監(jian)測(ce)(ce)、礦山冶煉等(deng)行業及(ji)大專院校和科研(yan)單位，若配用適當常數的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，臺式(shi)電(dian)導儀還可用于丈量電子半導體、核能產業和電廠純水或超純水的電導率。 
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        電導是(shi)電阻的倒數，因(yin)此(ci)電導值的丈量，電導儀(yi)實(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值的丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)再換(huan)算(suan)的，也就是(shi)說電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法(fa)應(ying)(ying)該與電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法(fa)相同(tong)。2.高(gao)純水(shui)(shui)被盛入(ru)容器后(hou)應(ying)(ying)迅速(su)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)，否則電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率降(jiang)低很快(kuai)，由于空氣中的溶入(ru)水(shui)(shui)里變成碳(tan)酸根離子。常規電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)都(dou)是(shi)固(gu)定溫度系數補償的儀(yi)器，其“溫度系數”設計(ji)為2%/℃，嚴格說不能(neng)(neng)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)所有不同(tong)種類溶液電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率的測試。電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池中的水(shui)(shui)流(liu)速(su)盡可能(neng)(neng)不亂，臺式電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)保持(chi)在0.05m/s左右，太急的流(liu)速(su)會使電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率升高(gao)(電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率減小)，而過緩的流(liu)速(su)；四、根據丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)范圍的不同(tong)，選擇合適(shi)的電(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)；三、臺(tai)式電導(dao)儀根據(ju)使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)境前提的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同，可(ke)以選擇(ze)便(bian)攜式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)、臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)、產業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)等(deng)。一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)來測水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)，水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)(lv)之間的(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)方法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)倒數是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)，單位(wei)是(shi)(shi)西門子(zi)/m，1西門子(zi)＝1/Ω，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)用(yong)姆歐又稱西門子(zi)。假如說(shuo)單位(wei)是(shi)(shi)MS那就(jiu)應該選擇(ze)0.1的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，假如是(shi)(shi)us就(jiu)要選擇(ze)0.01的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極。在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，通常會泛(fan)(fan)起的(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)集中(zhong)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)指示器、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)振(zhen)蕩器和(he)陰極輸出(chu)(chu)器、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋部門等(deng)。1.盛被(bei)測溶液的(de)(de)(de)容器必(bi)需清(qing)潔(jie)，無離子(zi)玷污。并接(jie)(jie)好各接(jie)(jie)點；b. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)在(zai)低壓交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)出(chu)(chu)故障(zhang)時(shi)(shi)，指示燈及各燈絲均不(bu)(bu)亮。常見應用(yong)場(chang)合(he)為(wei)：鍋爐(lu)排(pai)污、脫(tuo)鹽作(zuo)用(yong)、逆滲透(tou)滲出(chu)(chu)、鹽度丈量(liang)、水(shui)/廢水(shui)處理。只要調節(jie)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容補償(chang)便(bian)可(ke)將(jiang)此指示調為(wei)零(ling)，擔不(bu)(bu)必(bi)這(zhe)樣做，只須待電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極引線插入插口后(hou)，再將(jiang)指示調為(wei)最小(xiao)值即可(ke)。此后(hou)，將(jiang)扳向丈量(liang)，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)指示乘以量(liang)程開(kai)關的(de)(de)(de)倍(bei)率(lv)(lv)即為(wei)被(bei)測液的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)。對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)題(ti)(ti)目和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)方法，良多用(yong)戶(hu)都有點了解(jie)，也(ye)知道(dao)怎么去詳(xiang)細使(shi)用(yong)，但在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)所泛(fan)(fan)起的(de)(de)(de)題(ti)(ti)目，臺(tai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)可(ke)能有些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)很了解(jie)吧。根據(ju)歐姆定律，溫(wen)度一定時(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極間距L(cm)正比(bi)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)(de)截(jie)面積A(cm2)反比(bi)，即：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)電導儀是以數字表示溶液傳導電流的能力。但在溶液電導的測定過程中，當電暢通流暢過電極時，因為離子在電極上會發生放電，產生極化引起誤差，故丈量電導時要使用頻率足夠高的交流電，以防止電解產物的產生。假如要了解在丈量過程中電導的變化情況，把10mV輸出接至自動電位差計即可。電導率的倒數為電阻率值。陰極輸出管的陽極應為約 250V。水的電導率反映了水中含鹽量的多少。而且質量有保障，價位也是比較合適的。電導儀的溫度補償一般都采用以下方法：對于電導率大于1×10-4S?cm-1的強電解質，電導率值與溫度存在線性關系。
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        只有這(zhe)樣原子(zi)(zi)吸收才(cai)會(hui)環(huan)境監測中繼承施展重要作用。儀器的宗(zong)旨就是不亂(luan)可*，不不亂(luan)更談不上可*了(le)。分析(xi)了(le)原子(zi)(zi)吸收光度(du)法(fa)(fa)(包括石墨爐法(fa)(fa))與ICP-AES(電感巧合等離子(zi)(zi)體發(fa)射光譜法(fa)(fa))，原子(zi)(zi)熒光法(fa)(fa)，光度計極譜法(fa)在分析(xi)元(yuan)素時各自的(de)優缺點，又從目(mu)前環境監測(ce)的(de)角度闡(chan)述了應用原(yuan)子(zi)吸收分光(guang)(guang)度計的(de)重要性與現實性。樞紐字：原(yuan)子(zi)吸收分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度計環境監測(ce)金(jin)屬元(yuan)素1、前言環境監測(ce)中對(dui)主要陽離子(zi)分析(xi)可分為金(jin)屬一大(da)(da)類即：Na、K、Ma、Ca、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe、Mn、Ni、Cr、Ag等的(de)分析(xi)，這些元(yuan)素都可用火焰(yan)或石墨(mo)爐原(yuan)子(zi)吸收法(fa)測(ce)定。目(mu)前,國際上紫(zi)外可見分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度計儀器的(de)美學性,良多紫(zi)外可見分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度計美觀大(da)(da)方。它表征儀器的(de)做可見分光(guang)光(guang)度計(ji)稀溶液的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力，這個(ge)(ge)指標也是(shi)越(yue)(yue)小越(yue)(yue)好。  原(yuan)因分(fen)(fen)(fen)析1：進(jin)樣毛細(xi)管和(he)(he)霧化(hua)器(qi)堵塞。連(lian)接(jie)穩壓電(dian)源(yuan)，待(dai)電(dian)壓不亂后再開機使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。 (2)儀(yi)器(qi)內乙(yi)炔表顯示異常，慢(man)滑而非迅速停穩，進(jin)步乙(yi)炔氣壓力也不能(neng)點(dian)火。 排除方(fang)法(fa)(fa)：這有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)吸入濃度較高或分(fen)(fen)(fen)子量(liang)(liang)(liang)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)液造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)，清洗(xi)霧化(hua)器(qi)即可(ke)(ke)。它是(shi)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)對儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)要求(qiu)，每個(ge)(ge)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)都必需正(zheng)視。好比，11月24日(ri)，產(chan)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)信息(xi)化(hua)部與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社(she)會(hui)科(ke)學(xue)院產(chan)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟研究(jiu)所(suo)共同發布的(de)(de)(de)2011年中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟運(yun)行秋季講演顯示，1～10月，石化(hua)行業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值同比增(zeng)長(chang)14.5%，快(kuai)(kuai)于(yu)規模以上產(chan)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值增(zeng)速。但是(shi)跟著(zhu)環境監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)發展，人們要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步，監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)任(ren)務的(de)(de)(de)不同，對儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)也在(zai)(zai)進(jin)步，例(li)如最低檢出(chu)限，干擾扣(kou)除題(ti)目。 2.雜(za)散(san)光(guang)(guang)(guang)：它指不應該有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)有(you)(you)了光(guang)(guang)(guang)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度法(fa)(fa)定(ding)義(yi)與(yu)(yu)應用(yong)(yong)1.1定(ding)義(yi):分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)物(wu)質(zhi)所(suo)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)吸收光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜來鑒別(bie)物(wu)質(zhi)或測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)其(qi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)技術(shu). 1.2特點(dian):敏捷(jie),精確(que),快(kuai)(kuai)速和(he)(he)簡便,在(zai)(zai)復雜(za)組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)系統中(zhong),不需要分(fen)(fen)(fen)離,即能(neng)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)其(qi)中(zhong)所(suo)含的(de)(de)(de)極少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)質(zhi). 1.3應用(yong)(yong):生(sheng)物(wu)<>化(hua)學(xue)研究(jiu)中(zhong)廣泛(fan)(fan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)之一,廣泛(fan)(fan)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)糖,蛋白質(zhi),核酸(suan),酶(mei)等的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速定(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce). 2.分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)結(jie)構和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)理2.1分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類2.2分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計(ji)工(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)理2.3分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)結(jie)構2.4分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)誤差，在(zai)(zai)改革開放以后,國(guo)(guo)產(chan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析儀(yi)器(qi)形(xing)狀(zhuang)設(she)計(ji)開始引起正(zheng)視,特別(bie)是(shi)近10多年來,國(guo)(guo)產(chan)紫外可(ke)(ke)見分(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計(ji)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)有(you)(you)很大(da)改觀。4.雜(za)散(san)光(guang)(guang)(guang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)的(de)(de)(de)尺度片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)，我國(guo)(guo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技術(shu)監(jian)(jian)視局的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)單位(wei),紫外可(ke)見分光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度計對(dui)很多有關企業(ye)在用的(de)紫(zi)外可見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)的(de)雜散(san)(san)光(guang)的(de)檢(jian)測,有時(shi)采用尺度(du)(du)(du)液(如NaI、NaNO2等)來進行。 5.噪聲：噪聲也是儀(yi)(yi)器的(de)重(zhong)要指標之一(yi)。 3、可見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)儀(yi)(yi)器沒有吸收或(huo)吸光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)值不(bu)不(bu)亂故(gu)障(zhang)現(xian)(xian)象。 排(pai)除方法：首先要排(pai)除氣(qi)路故(gu)障(zhang)，應檢(jian)查燃氣(qi)和助(zhu)燃器通道(dao)是否漏氣(qi)或(huo)氣(qi)路堵塞。1、樣品不(bu)可見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)進入儀(yi)(yi)器或(huo)進樣速度(du)(du)(du)緩慢故(gu)障(zhang)現(xian)(xian)象。光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)有時(shi)采用尺度(du)(du)(du)片(將NaI、NaNO2固化在石英(ying)片基中)來測試紫(zi)外可見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)的(de)雜散(san)(san)光(guang)。