電導儀外觀(guan)法和常數(shu)法只(zhi)適合少數(shu)顯著電(dian)極(ji)分歧格的情況，臺式電導儀第3種方法(fa)更具科(ke)學性(xing)和(he)(he)普遍性(xing)。追溯性(xing)校準是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)嚴格控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)純水(shui)和(he)(he)溫度前提下進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)原理是(shi)將兩(liang)塊平(ping)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)板，放(fang)到被(bei)測溶液(ye)中，在(zai)(zai)(zai)極(ji)(ji)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端加上一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢（通常(chang)(chang)為正(zheng)弦(xian)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)），然后丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)極(ji)(ji)板間流(liu)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。實(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)池常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)（J實(shi)）允差(cha)為≤±20％。特別對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)（此種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)與被(bei)測溶液(ye)有直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸），在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值高(gao)于100 mS時，要(yao)考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜長度和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜橫截(jie)面面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，這是(shi)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻也處在(zai)(zai)(zai)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)回路中）。而(er)此刻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度補償功能(neng)就(jiu)是(shi)為了(le)克(ke)服溫度的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。水(shui)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)和(he)(he)溶解固體量(liang)(liang)(liang)濃(nong)度成(cheng)正(zheng)比，而(er)且固體量(liang)(liang)(liang)濃(nong)度越高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)越大。而(er) K= L― A ； A――丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效極(ji)(ji)板；L――兩(liang)極(ji)(ji)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)間隔。經采取上述(shu)措施后，儀(yi)(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作不亂可靠，徹底排除了(le)以往泛(fan)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)值不不亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)跳字現象(xiang)。儀(yi)(yi)器級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen)應視儀(yi)(yi)器而(er)定(ding)應該說級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen)對(dui)指針式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)器有說明正(zheng)確度等級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,而(er)對(dui)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)廣泛(fan)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)顯式(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)器來說,正(zheng)確度等級(ji)如(ru)何劃分(fen)應當真研究(jiu)。丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)液(ye)體介(jie)質，選用何種規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，應根據被(bei)測液(ye)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)范圍(wei)而(er)定(ding)。此時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)必需用尺度溶液(ye)進行確定(ding)。誤差(cha)法(fa)，國產(chan)玻璃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，一般(ban)出(chu)廠時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)為（0.8~1.2）cm-1（此處指1.0級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，0.1級(ji)等其他級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)(shu)按(an)倍數(shu)(shu)類推），臺式電導(dao)儀(yi)假如用合適量程的電導率尺度溶液檢測計算得到的電極常數顯著超出這個范圍，則一般可以為這個電極分歧格。電導率丈量儀溫度補償的檢定方法及題目。溶液的電導率大小決定分子的運動，溫度影響分子的運動，為了比較丈量結果，測試溫度一般定為20℃或25℃。
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   ;    檢測器(qi)微型化：臺式電(dian)導儀電(dian)(dian)(dian)感型電(dian)(dian)(dian)導率傳(chuan)(chuan)感器檢測由線圈構成 ,檢測器微型化就是(shi)將(jiang)線圈直徑減小(xiao)、減少匝數(shu) ,線圈直徑過小(xiao)、匝數(shu)過少將(jiang)會(hui)影響(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器丈(zhang)量(liang)的敏捷度以及丈(zhang)量(liang)范圍。例如(ru)：丈(zhang)量(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)100mS，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極常(chang)數(shu)K=1時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)10Ω。電導儀檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)滯(zhi)后現行的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)導率儀(yi)(yi)(yi)檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是國家計量局(ju)于1985年批準實施的(de)(de)(de)JJG376-1985《電(dian)(dian)導儀(yi)(yi)(yi)(試(shi)行)》檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),跟(gen)著(zhu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)更新換(huan)代,該規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已不能很好地起到檢(jian)測儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)機能的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。因(yin)此(ci)，假如您確定(ding)(ding)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)從來沒(mei)有安裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)，那(nei)么原來的(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)(zheng)書依然有效。對于電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)式電(dian)(dian)極，電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻不影(ying)響(xiang)丈量值。激(ji)勵(li)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻(pin)率激(ji)勵(li)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻(pin)率決定(ding)(ding)了電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)型電(dian)(dian)導率傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)捷度與(yu)線性(xing)度 ,在傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)結構確定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上 ,通(tong)過(guo)(guo)試(shi)驗確定(ding)(ding)激(ji)勵(li)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻(pin)率等參數 ,使傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)獲得最佳的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)捷度與(yu)線性(xing)。電(dian)(dian)導率丈量系統的(de)(de)(de)組成與(yu)電(dian)(dian)導率值的(de)(de)(de)丈量，電(dian)(dian)極常數的(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)(zheng)：改變量程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擋位至CHECK, 調整(zheng)(zheng)CHECK電(dian)(dian)位器(qi), 使儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)顯示(shi)為(wei)“1.00”( 此(ci)項工作(zuo)在檢(jian)測完畢(bi)后, 要恢(hui)復儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)原來的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極常數值) 。0.1 mol/l的(de)(de)(de)KCl溶液在25℃時電(dian)(dian)導率為(wei)12.88mS/CM。你(ni)可以把傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)寄回Thornton，我們可認為(wei)您重新校(xiao)準并提供(gong)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)準證(zheng)(zheng)書。電(dian)(dian)導電(dian)(dian)極與(yu)pH電(dian)(dian)極不同，電導儀因為(wei)它是機(ji)械(xie)機(ji)能不亂的(de)(de)材(cai)料制成(cheng)的(de)(de)，所(suo)以不需要(yao)特殊結構件進(jin)行保護。調零點(dian)：首先, 使直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻箱(xiang)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)值(zhi)(zhi)相稱于25℃狀(zhuang)態下的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)(zhi); 其(qi)次, 儀器(qi)接上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan), 使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導模擬裝置開路( ∞) ,調整儀器(qi)零點(dian), 使儀器(qi)示值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)“0.00”或(huo)最小顯示值(zhi)(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率(lv)（C）簡樸(pu)的(de)(de)說是所(suo)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率(lv)（G）與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導池常數(shu)(shu)(L/A)的(de)(de)乘積(ji).這里(li)的(de)(de)L為(wei)兩塊(kuai)極板(ban)之間的(de)(de)液柱長度，A為(wei)極板(ban)的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)。即統一規格常數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，實在(zai)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導池常數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)存在(zai)范圍為(wei)J實=（0.8～1.2）J0。在(zai)此(ci)種情(qing)況下，應采(cai)用短一些(xie)的(de)(de)或(huo)橫截面(mian)(mian)大一些(xie)的(de)(de)丈(zhang)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。丈(zhang)量儀表(biao)則要(yao)將(jiang)測出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)算成(cheng)西門子單位并且還要(yao)排除前(qian)面(mian)(mian)講(jiang)到的(de)(de)各種干(gan)擾因素，如溫度，α值(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)影響，從而給出(chu)(chu)準確的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率(lv)值(zhi)(zhi)。

       DDS-11A 型電導儀它在使(shi)用中泛起(qi)了顯示數值不不亂的跳字現象，電(dian)導(dao)儀此現象常(chang)見多(duo)發生在南方的春天霉雨季節(jie)。什么是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)丈量(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的溫(wen)度補償功能：臺(tai)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)丈量(liang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)10ohm要(yao)加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)4.76 ohm。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)傳感(gan)器已經從水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統里面(mian)拆下(xia)來(lai)，假如放(fang)干的話，再(zai)裝上后對讀數(shu)有(you)(you)影響嗎？您可以用(yong)尺度溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)進行(xing)校(xiao)準，尺度溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)必(bi)需正確(que)并且(qie)(qie)沒有(you)(you)受過(guo)(guo)污染(ran)。一個(ge)是(shi)(shi)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，另(ling)一個(ge)是(shi)(shi)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)1/A的幾何(he)關系，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)可以通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的丈量(liang)得到。 臺(tai)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)工作原理是(shi)(shi)基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)k、電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)G和電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池(chi)常(chang)數(shu)Kcell的關系式k=Kcell·G，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間施加不(bu)亂(luan)的交流信號，丈量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，根據輸入的電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)池(chi)常(chang)數(shu)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)值。我(wo)有(you)(you)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)傳感(gan)器一直沒有(you)(you)拆封使(shi)用(yong)，臺(tai)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)原來(lai)的校(xiao)準證書還有(you)(you)效(xiao)嗎? 我(wo)是(shi)(shi)否需要(yao)對傳感(gan)器重新校(xiao)準?臺(tai)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)該法(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)用(yong)與(yu)稱(cheng)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)那樣需多(duo)種(zhong)實驗用(yong)品( 如電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱恒溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浴箱(xiang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱恒溫(wen)干燥箱(xiang)等實驗器材(cai)和Na2CO3 試劑) , 只(zhi)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)和燒杯, 而且(qie)(qie)該法(fa)(fa)(fa)測定(ding)前(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣不(bu)用(yong)任何(he)前(qian)處理( 稱(cheng)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)測定(ding)前(qian)需將水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣過(guo)(guo)濾) , 操縱極(ji)為簡便、快捷(jie)( 測定(ding)單個(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣比(bi)(bi)稱(cheng)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)至少可節(jie)省(sheng)6～8 h, 測定(ding)大(da)批量(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣比(bi)(bi)稱(cheng)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)則(ze)可節(jie)省(sheng)更多(duo)的時間) , 每次可測定(ding)大(da)批量(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣( 稱(cheng)量(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)每次最多(duo)只(zhi)能測定(ding)10 個(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)樣) , 電(dian)導(dao)儀是測定糊口飲用(yong)水中(zhong)溶解性(xing)總固體理(li)想的方法, 建議(yi)在(zai)實驗室推廣應用(yong)。 電(dian)導率儀(yi)電(dian)極規格(ge)常(chang)數選用(yong). 一般選用(yong)電(dian)極時最(zui)主(zhu)要(yao)也要(yao)看(kan)電(dian)極的丈量量程，適合(he)什么的場合(he)下丈量，臺式(shi)電導儀以下主要就(jiu)是說明電(dian)導(dao)率儀電(dian)極的選用，電(dian)極常(chang)數對應(ying)的電(dian)極量程的選用。尺度(du)溶液一般都使用KCl溶液這是由于KCl的電(dian)導(dao)率的不同的溫度(du)和濃度(du)情況下非常(chang)不亂，正確。考慮(lv)以上(shang)情況后先剔除IC插座(zuo)，再(zai)把(ba)兩只運放直(zhi)接焊在印刷電(dian)路板上(shang)。

      在使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)式電(dian)(dian)極時(shi)，要選擇合適的電(dian)(dian)極常數(shu)“K”；３、溫度(du)；４、與機械結構(gou)有關的壓(ya)力；５、耐化(hua)學侵(qin)蝕(shi)性；６、安裝(zhuang)結構(gou)（螺紋、法蘭、三夾頭連(lian)接等)儀器(qi)(qi)示(shi)值(zhi)引用(yong)(yong)誤(wu)差的檢定：向儀器(qi)(qi)輸入(ru)線性尺度(du)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)模擬值(zhi), 輸入(ru)數(shu)值(zhi)最好籠蓋(gai)整個(ge)量程(cheng),www.saikehb.cn/記實儀器(qi)(qi)顯示(shi)值(zhi), 與理論值(zhi)進行比較(jiao), 利用(yong)(yong)公式ΔG/G滿×100%, 計(ji)算儀器(qi)(qi)示(shi)值(zhi)引用(yong)(yong)誤(wu)差( ΔG=G- G, G為(wei)電(dian)(dian)計(ji)示(shi)值(zhi)的均(jun)勻值(zhi), G為(wei)尺度(du)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)) 。 電導(dao)儀實(shi)際(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)常常用(yong)(yong)到的(de)材料有鈦等。用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀法(fa)測(ce)定(ding)糊口飲用(yong)(yong)水中(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)解性總固體的(de)方法(fa)。不存在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)化、 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容效(xiao)應,可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)液體丈量；極(ji)(ji)強的(de)抗污(wu)染能力(li)與(yu)耐侵蝕性；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)傳感用(yong)(yong)具有以(yi)下特點：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀傳感器可以(yi)在使用(yong)(yong)距離(li)內放(fang)干而不影響機能。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀丈量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)）必需由抗化學侵蝕的(de)材料制成(cheng)。因(yin)此(ci)，對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)儀的(de)檢定(ding)就分成(cheng)兩(liang)部門(men)：用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻箱對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計進(jin)行檢定(ding)；用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)尺度溶(rong)液對(dui)(dui)儀器配(pei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率(lv)(lv)池常數進(jin)行檢定(ding)。我們知道，電導儀(yi)數字顯示(shi)儀器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸入級(ji)(ji)電(dian)路(lu)因(yin)采集的(de)(de)(de)信號微小(xiao)，故(gu)其(qi)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)不亂至關(guan)重要，上述泛(fan)起的(de)(de)(de)現象估計(ji)與該(gai)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)路(lu)相關(guan)。電(dian)感型電(dian)導率傳感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理決(jue)定了這類傳感器(qi)(qi)僅合用(yong)于丈(zhang)量(liang)具有高電(dian)導率的(de)(de)(de)液體:丈(zhang)量(liang)范圍為1000～2 000000 μS/ cm。臺式電導儀是(shi)否(fou)可(ke)(ke)以從(cong)電(dian)導率儀(yi)購買校(xiao)準電(dian)導率傳感器的(de)(de)尺度溶液和設備?您可(ke)(ke)以把傳感器發到我們這里來進行(xing)再校(xiao)準和再認(ren)證(zheng)，從(cong)設計上電(dian)極的(de)(de)電(dian)極常數是(shi)不亂和可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)，我們在證(zheng)書的(de)(de)底部有(you)一個聲(sheng)明可(ke)(ke)以匡助您消(xiao)除疑慮(lv)。筆者建議留(liu)存指(zhi)針式儀(yi)器而取消(xiao)數顯(xian)式儀(yi)器的(de)(de)級別評定。電(dian)導率的(de)(de)丈(zhang)量(liang)需要弄清(qing)兩方面：1、溶液的(de)(de)電(dian)導，2、溶液中1/A的(de)(de)幾何關系，電(dian)導可(ke)(ke)以通過電(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)壓的(de)(de)丈(zhang)量(liang)得到。

       硬度(du)計因為拉伸試驗不便于測試，并且由硬度換算到強度很利便，因此人們越來越多地只測試材料硬度而較少測試其強度。硬化層深度仍是要用維氏硬度計來檢測。兩種試驗在某種程度上是檢測金屬相似的特性。硬度檢測儀器可采用洛氏硬度計，測試HRC硬度值，如熱處理硬化層較淺，可采用表面洛氏硬度計，測試HRN硬度值。檢測從工件表面到硬度降到50HRC那一點的間隔。淬火回火處理后的模具硬度檢測更為重要，由于這時的材料硬度是一個非常重要的質量指標，它在很大程度上決定了成品模具的使用壽命。一直沒有一個較為理想的解決方案。 
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      布氏硬度計耐磨性也是成(cheng)品模具(ju)的(de)(de)重要機能(neng)指(zhi)標。布氏(shi)硬度(du)(du)試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)長處是其硬度(du)(du)代(dai)表(biao)性好，因為通常采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)是10 mm直(zhi)徑球壓(ya)頭(tou)，3000kg試(shi)驗(yan)力(li)，其壓(ya)痕(hen)面積較大，能(neng)反映(ying)較大范圍(wei)內金屬各組成(cheng)相(xiang)綜合影(ying)響的(de)(de)均勻(yun)值，而不受(shou)個別(bie)(bie)組成(cheng)相(xiang)及微(wei)小(xiao)不平(ping)均度(du)(du)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，因此特別(bie)(bie)合用(yong)于測(ce)定灰鑄鐵、軸(zhou)承合金和具(ju)有粗大晶(jing)粒的(de)(de)金屬材(cai)料(liao)。這種(zhong)儀器值得關注和采(cai)用(yong)。硬度(du)(du)試(shi)驗(yan)是將(jiang)一個硬質壓(ya)頭(tou)按劃定前提緩慢壓(ya)入試(shi)樣(yang)表(biao)面、然后測(ce)試(shi)壓(ya)痕(hen)深(shen)度(du)(du)或尺寸，以此確(que)定材(cai)料(liao)硬度(du)(du)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)。當滲碳(tan)層厚度(du)(du)大于0.8mm時，可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)用(yong)洛氏(shi)硬度(du)(du)計，測(ce)試(shi)HRC硬度(du)(du)。硬度計零(ling)(ling)件(jian)假如局(ju)部(bu)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求較高(gao)(gao)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)感應(ying)(ying)加(jia)熱(re)等方(fang)(fang)式(shi)進行局(ju)部(bu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)熱(re)處理(li)，這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)要(yao)在圖紙(zhi)上(shang)標(biao)出局(ju)部(bu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)熱(re)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置和(he)(he)(he)局(ju)部(bu)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)。當(dang)(dang)模具(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)于150mm或300mm時，儀(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)頭還可(ke)以取下來當(dang)(dang)作錘擊式(shi)布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。測(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)HRA硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)可(ke)利便(bian)地(di)通(tong)過(guo)查表換算成HRC硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)，無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管一(yi)般(ban)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、維氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)種(zhong)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)指(zhi)標(biao)來衡量其(qi)(qi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。在各(ge)類機械產(chan)品中(zhong)，按質量計(ji)算，鑄件(jian)所(suo)占比例高(gao)(gao)達50%以上(shang)。無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)同布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)樣(yang)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)痕試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)法。實(shi)測(ce)(ce)數據(ju)表明(ming)，儀(yi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)C型框架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小無關(guan)。可(ke)以測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)效硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化深度(du)(du)(du)(du)超過(guo)0.1mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)表面硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化工件(jian)。布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)承(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)流(liu)體(ti)輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)螺(luo)旋(xuan)縫(feng)(feng)埋弧焊(han)管（SY5036-83）是(shi)(shi)以熱(re)軋鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)帶卷作管坯，常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)溫(wen)螺(luo)旋(xuan)成型，用(yong)(yong)雙面埋弧焊(han)法焊(han)接，用(yong)(yong)于承(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)流(liu)體(ti)輸送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)旋(xuan)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管。為(wei)了照顧到韌(ren)性(xing)等其(qi)(qi)他機能(neng)(neng)，模具(ju)(ju)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)佳范圍(wei)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個比較窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區間，通(tong)常(chang)(chang)只有(you)(you)2-4個HRC單(dan)位，洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)拉伸(shen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)基本上(shang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)抵擋(dang)塑性(xing)變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。拉伸(shen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)設備(bei)龐(pang)大(da)(da)(da)、操縱復雜、要(yao)制備(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)、試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)效率低，對于很多金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)材料，都(dou)有(you)(you)一(yi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)拉力(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換算表可(ke)查，在不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)多數都(dou)同時劃定了拉伸(shen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)是(shi)(shi)評價金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)力(li)學機能(neng)(neng)最(zui)(zui)迅速、最(zui)(zui)經(jing)濟(ji)、最(zui)(zui)簡樸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)法。試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)（標(biao)尺(chi)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇與(yu)有(you)(you)效硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化層深度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)工件(jian)表面硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)(you)關(guan)。布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)兩(liang)類試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)法。經(jing)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)和(he)(he)(he)低溫(wen)回火(huo)后(hou)，工件(jian)表面具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、耐磨性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)接觸疲(pi)憊強度(du)(du)(du)(du)，而(er)工件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯部(bu)又具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強韌(ren)性(xing)。人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)表明(ming)，當(dang)(dang)壓(ya)(ya)頭直徑在0.24D~0.6D之間時，測(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)與(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)大(da)(da)(da)小無關(guan)。這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)又是(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)最(zui)(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它被廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)于產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)修，據(ju)統(tong)計(ji)，目前應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)70%是(shi)(shi)洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)。布氏硬(ying)度計(ji)這種(zhong)儀器(qi)以剪力(li)銷控(kong)制試(shi)驗(yan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小，試(shi)驗(yan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差可(ke)(ke)控(kong)制在±2%以內。洛氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)合用于測(ce)定(ding)由極軟到(dao)極硬(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)材料(liao)，它彌補了布(bu)氏(shi)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不是(shi)，洛氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)計較布(bu)氏(shi)法(fa)(fa)簡(jian)便(bian)，可(ke)(ke)直接從硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)盤讀出硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)。某(mou)些塑(su)料(liao)模具(ju)鋼(gang)還以預硬(ying)(ying)狀態（調質處理(li)）供貨(huo)，用戶可(ke)(ke)直接加工成(cheng)模具(ju)而(er)不必進(jin)行(xing)后續熱處理(li)。布(bu)氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)測(ce)試(shi)精度(du)(du)(du)略(lve)低于臺式布(bu)氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)計，而(er)遠(yuan)高于上述幾(ji)種(zhong)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)計。材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)可(ke)(ke)以換算成(cheng)抗拉強度(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)，這一點(dian)具(ju)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實用意義。鋼(gang)管(guan)口徑大(da)，輸送效率高，并可(ke)(ke)節約鋪設管(guan)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)投資。

       無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管維氏硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試驗也是(shi)(shi)一種壓(ya)痕(hen)試驗方(fang)法，可用于測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定很薄的(de)(de)金屬材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和表面層硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)。硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)實(shi)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)抵(di)擋另一較硬(ying)(ying)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)入的(de)(de)能(neng)力。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，它是(shi)(shi)丈量(liang)壓(ya)痕(hen)的(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)(du)。半成品(pin)模(mo)具的(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試是(shi)(shi)一個難(nan)于解決的(de)(de)題目。模(mo)具鋼(gang)的(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試主要針對三種情況，即模(mo)具鋼(gang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，經由熱處理的(de)(de)半成品(pin)模(mo)具的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)及要求高(gao)耐(nai)磨性的(de)(de)模(mo)具表面熱處理后的(de)(de)表面硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。下面分別先容基(ji)于各種試驗方(fang)法的(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)計(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理、特點(dian)與(yu)應(ying)用。因為通過硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試驗可以(yi)反(fan)映金屬材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)化(hua)學成分、硬度計(ji)組(zu)織結(jie)構及熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理工(gong)藝前(qian)(qian)提下機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，因此硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)修、監(jian)視熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing)(xing)及新材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究。因為通(tong)過(guo)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)可(ke)以(yi)反映金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學成分、組(zu)織結(jie)構和(he)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理工(gong)藝前(qian)(qian)提下機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，因此硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)金屬(shu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)修、監(jian)視熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理工(gong)藝質量和(he)新材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研制。主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)輸送(song)石(shi)(shi)油、自然氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)線。硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)：它屬(shu)于(yu)非破(po)壞性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法比(bi)較簡樸(pu)，對(dui)試(shi)(shi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外形及尺寸適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)(xing)較強，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)效率高。供貨(huo)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模具(ju)鋼(gang)主要是(shi)(shi)經由鑄造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)板(ban)、鋼(gang)塊或鋼(gang)棒，一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)退(tui)火狀態(tai)供貨(huo)。所以(yi)不管(guan)是(shi)(shi)軋(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制造和(he)使用(yong)(yong)部分,需要配(pei)備專人負(fu)責(ze)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作,留(liu)意(yi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選型,與其他(ta)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)比(bi)關系要不亂(luan),同時(shi)要留(liu)意(yi)常常送(song)檢(jian)和(he)校對(dui)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)檢(jian)測(ce)儀器和(he)尺度(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)塊,有前(qian)(qian)提的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業可(ke)以(yi)推(tui)廣利(li)用(yong)(yong)尺度(du)(du)軋(ya)輥來進行硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校對(dui)工(gong)作。否則試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)結(jie)果是(shi)(shi)無效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),應(ying)選擇合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)力(li)(li)重(zhong)新試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。一(yi)類是(shi)(shi)靜(jing)態(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法，這類方法試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施加是(shi)(shi)緩慢(man)而(er)無沖擊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 HRA標(biao)尺盡管(guan)也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)大多數玄色金屬(shu)，但是(shi)(shi)實(shi)際應(ying)用(yong)(yong)上一(yi)般(ban)只限于(yu)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)質合(he)金和(he)簿硬(ying)(ying)鋼(gang)帶材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。鍛造業是(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要分支，因為石(shi)(shi)墨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)賦予鑄鐵優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛造機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)、切削加工(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)、減磨機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)、減振機(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)以(yi)及低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺口敏感性(xing)(xing)，洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)采用(yong)(yong)三(san)種(zhong)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)力(li)(li)，三(san)種(zhong)壓頭，它們(men)共有9種(zhong)組(zu)合(he)，對(dui)應(ying)于(yu)洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)9個(ge)標(biao)尺。盡管(guan)里(li)氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)計誤差較大，但是(shi)(shi)仍是(shi)(shi)目前(qian)(qian)模具(ju)行業應(ying)用(yong)(yong)最為普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)方法，據了解，里(li)氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)計應(ying)用(yong)(yong)最廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領域就是(shi)(shi)模具(ju)行業。因此，硬度計(ji)在(zai)檢測(ce)(ce)材料力學機能(neng)時(shi)，人們越來越多(duo)地采(cai)用(yong)(yong)硬度試驗，而較少采(cai)用(yong)(yong)拉(la)伸試驗硬度是評定金屬材料力學機能(neng)最常用(yong)(yong)的指標之(zhi)一(yi)。硬度檢測(ce)(ce)可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)維氏硬度計，也可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)洛氏或(huo)表面洛(luo)氏(shi)硬度(du)計。測試后經查表將洛氏硬度值換算成布氏硬度值，仍舊具有相稱高的精度。本公司最新研制的便攜式表面洛氏硬度計、管材洛氏硬度計，可以進行快速、正確的硬度檢測，使得過去在海內難以解決的題目迎刃而解。這時試驗力和壓頭球直徑的平方之比就是一個常數。 
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       承(cheng)壓流(liu)體輸(shu)送用螺(luo)旋(xuan)縫高頻(pin)(pin)焊(han)(han)管（SY5038-83）是以(yi)熱軋鋼帶卷作管坯，常(chang)常(chang)溫螺(luo)旋(xuan)成型，采用高頻(pin)(pin)搭接焊(han)(han)法焊(han)(han)接的(de)，用于承(cheng)壓流(liu)體輸(shu)送的(de)螺(luo)旋(xuan)縫高頻(pin)(pin)焊(han)(han)鋼管。硬度(du)計用一(yi)定(ding)直徑(jing)的鋼(gang)球或(huo)(huo)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)質合金球，以劃定(ding)的試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)力壓入式樣(yang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，經劃定(ding)保持時(shi)間后卸除試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)力，丈量(liang)試(shi)樣(yang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的壓痕直徑(jing)。在軋輥加(jia)工(gong)行業有(you)著廣泛的應用遠景。主(zhu)要技術參(can)數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、局部硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和有(you)效(xiao)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)層深度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)長短破(po)壞性的，材(cai)料(liao)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值與抗拉強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值之間有(you)近似的換算關系。這種(zhong)儀器使(shi)用起(qi)來簡樸利(li)便，精度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達到遠高(gao)于(yu)里氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計。 模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)產業的主(zhu)體材(cai)料(liao)，根據模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)的服役前提、環境和狀態(tai)的不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)應具(ju)(ju)備不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的特(te)(te)性。另(ling)外，有(you)效(xiao)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)層深度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也(ye)要由維氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計來檢(jian)測，所以，對于(yu)進行表(biao)面(mian)(mian)熱處理加(jia)工(gong)或(huo)(huo)大量(liang)使(shi)用表(biao)面(mian)(mian)熱處理工(gong)件的單位，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計配備一(yi)臺維氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)必要的。多數(shu)產品(pin)劃定(ding)了硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為試(shi)樣(yang)材(cai)質不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，試(shi)樣(yang)大小，薄厚也(ye)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，布氏(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計一(yi)種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)力，一(yi)種(zhong)壓頭天(tian)然不(bu)(bu)能知(zhi)足要求。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)檢(jian)測的主(zhu)要目(mu)的就是(shi)(shi)(shi)測定(ding)材(cai)料(liao)的合用性，或(huo)(huo)材(cai)料(liao)為使(shi)用目(mu)的所進行的特(te)(te)殊硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)或(huo)(huo)軟化(hua)處理的效(xiao)果。 布氏硬度計(ji)對(dui)于那些不(bu)(bu)便于進(jin)行(xing)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，例如無縫(feng)鋼管(guan)就只(zhi)劃定(ding)(ding)了拉伸試(shi)(shi)驗。而大多(duo)數情況下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通常做法是(shi)，在(zai)近似相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝前(qian)提下(xia)制(zhi)(zhi)作一(yi)(yi)個(ge)工(gong)藝試(shi)(shi)片，用工(gong)藝試(shi)(shi)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)代表(biao)模具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，然而二者之(zhi)(zhi)間經常還存在(zai)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)，這種(zhong)方法也不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)理(li)想。靜態試(shi)(shi)驗方法包括布氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、洛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、維氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、努氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、韋氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、巴氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。在(zai)這種(zhong)前(qian)提下(xia)，采用不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗力和(he)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)直徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)球壓(ya)頭，在(zai)統一(yi)(yi)試(shi)(shi)樣上(shang)測(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)是(shi)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，洛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)樣上(shang)測(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)是(shi)可以相互比較的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。按焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)形(xing)式分為直縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和(he)螺旋焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)。硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)主(zhu)要(yao)決定(ding)(ding)于壓(ya)痕(hen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、壓(ya)痕(hen)投影面(mian)積或壓(ya)痕(hen)凹印面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小。另外(wai)(wai)，金(jin)屬材(cai)料(liao)(liao)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與其它物(wu)理(li)特(te)性之(zhi)(zhi)間存在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)應關(guan)系。軋輥材(cai)料(liao)(liao)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)檢(jian)測(ce)可以用天(tian)星公(gong)司出產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)里氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計。這是(shi)金(jin)屬加工(gong)行(xing)業應用最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)驗方法。儀器(qi)啟齒(chi)尺(chi)寸(cun)目前(qian)是(shi)200mm和(he)500mm，但是(shi)，因為其壓(ya)痕(hen)小，故硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)不(bu)(bu)如布氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法正確。好(hao)在(zai)模具(ju)鋼材(cai)對(dui)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求也不(bu)(bu)高。在(zai)產業出產中，模具(ju)使用壽命(ming)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、質量(liang)、外(wai)(wai)觀機(ji)能，除(chu)與模具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計技術、制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，以及機(ji)床精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)操縱有(you)關(guan)外(wai)(wai)，準(zhun)確地選用模具(ju)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)準(zhun)確地執行(xing)熱(re)處理(li)工(gong)藝也是(shi)至關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，資料(liao)(liao)顯示，洛(luo)氏硬(ying)度計模(mo)(mo)具早(zao)期失效(xiao)因材(cai)料選(xuan)擇不當和材(cai)料內(nei)部缺(que)陷引起(qi)的(de)(de)大約(yue)點10%左右(you)，而由熱處(chu)理(li)不當引起(qi)的(de)(de)約(yue)占49%。模(mo)(mo)具在工作時(shi)的(de)(de)受力(li)狀態是復雜(za)的(de)(de)，如熱作模(mo)(mo)具通常是在交變的(de)(de)溫度場下承(cheng)受交變應力(li)作用，因此它(ta)應具有良好的(de)(de)阻止(zhi)模(mo)(mo)具轉(zhuan)變成較軟或塑性(xing)狀態的(de)(de)能力(li)，并(bing)且在長(chang)期工作環境下仍保持模(mo)(mo)具的(de)(de)外形和尺寸(cun)精(jing)度不變。

       硬度計是模具材(cai)料(liao)和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)品模具的(de)重要(yao)(yao)機(ji)能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)。在采用(yong)牛頓力的(de)新尺度(du)(du)中表示為0.102 F/D2。完成(cheng)(cheng)了機(ji)械(xie)加工的(de)模具鋼材(cai)料(liao)要(yao)(yao)進行淬火回火處(chu)理，再經由精磨和(he)拋光就可(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)為成(cheng)(cheng)品模具。規則一：要(yao)(yao)使試驗力和(he)球壓頭直徑(jing)的(de)平方之比為一個常(chang)數。特別是因為硬度(du)(du)計(ji)制造(zao)技術的(de)不斷(duan)提高和(he)推陳出新，一些原來無法直接測(ce)(ce)試硬度(du)(du)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)，如(ru)無縫鋼管、不銹鋼板(ban)和(he)不銹鋼帶等，現在都已(yi)經可(ke)能(neng)直接測(ce)(ce)試硬度(du)(du)了。零件的(de)硬度(du)(du)檢測(ce)(ce)要(yao)(yao)在指(zhi)定區域內進行。近(jin)年來，里氏硬度(du)(du)計(ji)被廣泛應用(yong)，它測(ce)(ce)試快速，利便，布氏硬度計測試(shi)值(zhi)可(ke)(ke)自動轉換成布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)硬度(du)值(zhi)，因此得到一(yi)定程度(du)的(de)(de)應用(yong)。各(ge)種金屬(shu)硬度(du)計(ji)就(jiu)是根據上述試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方法設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)。鋼管承(cheng)壓(ya)能(neng)力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)，塑性好(hao)，便(bian)于焊接和(he)(he)加工成型；經由各(ge)種嚴格和(he)(he)科(ke)學檢(jian)修和(he)(he)測試(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)安(an)全可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)，鋼管口徑(jing)(jing)大，輸送(song)效率高，并可(ke)(ke)節省鋪設(she)管線的(de)(de)投資。二者的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)結果(guo)是完全可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)互比較(jiao)的(de)(de)，對于多數(shu)金屬(shu)材料(liao)，硬度(du)值(zhi)和(he)(he)抗(kang)拉(la)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)值(zhi)是可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過查表(biao)(biao)相(xiang)互換算的(de)(de)。布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)硬度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)前提(ti)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)猶如洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)關于標尺的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)一(yi)樣，布(bu)(bu)氏(shi)(shi)硬度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)也要(yao)碰到試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)前提(ti)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)題目(mu)，即試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)F和(he)(he)壓(ya)頭球直徑(jing)(jing)D的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)。表(biao)(biao)面洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬度(du)計(ji)也是十分適于測試(shi)表(biao)(biao)面淬火工件硬度(du)的(de)(de)，表(biao)(biao)面洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬度(du)計(ji)有三種標尺可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)選擇(ze)(ze)。布氏硬度計表面淬火,回火熱處理通常用感應加熱或火焰加熱的方式進行。這里包括肖氏和里氏硬度試驗法。測試效率高，可用于對成批工件的逐件檢測。主要用于鋪設輸送石油、自然氣等的管線。洛氏硬度計也可以用于模具鋼材的硬度檢測，供貨狀態的模具鋼硬度在187-285HBS之間，可以用洛氏硬度計的HRB及HRC標尺來測試。布氏硬度值是以試驗力除以壓痕球形表面積所得的商。鋼管要進行水壓、彎曲、壓扁等實驗，對表面質量有一定要求，通常交貨長度為4-10m，常要求定尺（或倍尺）交貨。 
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       硬度計(ji)在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力和(he)壓(ya)(ya)頭球(qiu)直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)方面需要(yao)遵循的(de)(de)(de)(de)規則有2個(ge)。它具有布氏(shi)(shi)、洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)長處，而克服(fu)了它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本缺點，但不(bu)(bu)如洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)法(fa)簡便(bian)，維氏(shi)(shi)法(fa)在(zai)鋼(gang)管尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)很少用(yong)(yong)。A標尺(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力較小，只(zhi)有60kg（C標尺(chi)(chi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)150kg），可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)模具表面壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)較淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)痕(hen)，不(bu)(bu)至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)將硬(ying)(ying)(ying)化層壓(ya)(ya)透(tou)，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)正確。最常用(yong)(yong)標尺(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)HRC、HRB和(he)HRF，其(qi)中(zhong)HRC標尺(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)淬(cui)火鋼(gang)、回火鋼(gang)、調質鋼(gang)和(he)部門不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)。鋼(gang)管承壓(ya)(ya)能(neng)力強，焊(han)接機能(neng)好(hao)，經(jing)由各種嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)修和(he)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠。拉伸試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗拉強度(du)(du)(du)(du)，屈服(fu)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)伸長率，而硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)反映的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)各自劃定的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下材料彈性、塑性、強度(du)(du)(du)(du)、韌性及磨損抗力等多種物理量的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)機能(neng)。況且它還(huan)具有操縱簡樸、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)利(li)(li)便(bian)、價格(ge)較低(di)，丈量迅速(su)、可(ke)直(zhi)接讀取硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)等特點，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)表面洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計可(ke)對(dui)成批的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面熱處理工(gong)件進行快速(su)無損的(de)(de)(de)(de)逐件檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)數據不(bu)(bu)亂，重現性好(hao)，精度(du)(du)(du)(du)高于(yu)(yu)(yu)洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)，低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)維氏(shi)(shi)。滲氮(dan)層通(tong)常較薄，滲層厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.2mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)模具可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)表面洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計，厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.2mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)模具就只(zhi)能(neng)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)藝試(shi)(shi)(shi)片了，在(zai)近似相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝前提下做一(yi)(yi)塊試(shi)(shi)(shi)片，以(yi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)代表滲氮(dan)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。這種選擇(ze)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)任意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)遵循一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)規則，并(bing)且要(yao)留意(yi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力和(he)壓(ya)(ya)頭球(qiu)直(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公道搭(da)配(pei)，應用(yong)(yong)起來比洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)略顯復雜。所以(yi)，其(qi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)結果是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全(quan)(quan)可(ke)以(yi)相互比較的(de)(de)(de)(de)。也可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)易于(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)它軟(ruan)鋼(gang)制造。里氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計為半(ban)成品模具的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)提供了一(yi)(yi)個(ge)解(jie)決(jue)方案，布氏硬(ying)度計可(ke)以(yi)通過測試(shi)模具(ju)(ju)的(de)里氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)，然后(hou)換(huan)算成HRC洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)。這種洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)計(ji)也(ye)是采用了一(yi)個C型架(jia)結構，C型架(jia)啟(qi)齒(chi)尺(chi)寸為200mm和(he)500mm，模具(ju)(ju)鋼的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)只要小于(yu)這個尺(chi)寸就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)測試(shi)，洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)計(ji)測試(shi)精(jing)度(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到1.0HRC，換(huan)算成布(bu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)誤差大約是5-7HBS。表(biao)面(mian)(mian)洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)驗是對洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)驗的(de)一(yi)種增補，在采用洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)驗時，當碰到材料較(jiao)(jiao)薄，試(shi)樣較(jiao)(jiao)小，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)化層較(jiao)(jiao)淺或(huo)測試(shi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)鍍覆層時，就(jiu)應改用表(biao)面(mian)(mian)洛(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)試(shi)驗。 一(yi)些要求心(xin)部具(ju)(ju)有較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)韌性，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)不要具(ju)(ju)有效高硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)和(he)耐磨性的(de)模具(ju)(ju)，布氏硬度計要進行表面的滲碳或滲氮處理，表面硬化處理的模具需要測試模具的表面硬度。 
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