旋(xuan)(xuan)轉100％，光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)燈(deng)亮度(du)變(bian)(bian)化不大 (其余(yu)部(bu)門正常) ‘ 該現象也屬(shu)于整機調(diao)整，儀器(qi)(qi)面(mian)板上(shang)100％旋(xuan)(xuan)鈕均為細調(diao)，W1為粗調(diao)。紫(zi)外(wai)可見(jian)(jian)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)是物質中分(fen)子吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)200-800nm光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)區內的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)而(er)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)。將儀器(qi)(qi)零(ling)點調(diao)整好(hao)后，將面(mian)板上(shang) 100％旋(xuan)(xuan)鈕調(diao)到最大，用萬用表丈量燈(deng)電(dian)壓(ya)，旋(xuan)(xuan)轉機內粗條電(dian)位(wei)器(qi)(qi)。這樣(yang)多次測(ce)試的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果在(zai)均值1.0%左右之間變(bian)(bian)動，都是正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)。三、光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)不同(tong)，紫(zi)外(wai)可見(jian)(jian)分(fen)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)計在(zai)紫(zi)外(wai)區使(shi)用氫燈(deng)或氘燈(deng),在(zai)可見(jian)(jian)光(guang)(guang)區使(shi)用氘燈(deng)或溴鎢燈(deng)。調(diao)節W2鎢燈(deng)工作電(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)-11.5±0.5V變(bian)(bian)化，而(er)且輸出不亂。吸(xi)(xi)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)度(du)法就是基于這種(zhong)物質對電(dian)磁(ci)輻射的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇性(xing)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)而(er)建立起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它屬(shu)于分(fen)子吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)光(guang)(guang)譜(pu)。 3、原子吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用情況有兩臺(tai)(tai)原子吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)儀，一臺(tai)(tai)為國產北京第(di)二(er)光(guang)(guang)學儀器(qi)(qi)廠可見分光光度(du)計因為購置時(shi)間較(jiao)長，機能(neng)不穩，基本不用。它表征(zheng)儀(yi)器的做(zuo)稀溶液的能(neng)力。 )當這些電(dian)子吸收(shou)了(le)外來輻射的能(neng)量(liang)就從一(yi)個能(neng)量(liang)較(jiao)低的能(neng)級(ji)躍遷(qian)到一(yi)個能(neng)量(liang)較(jiao)高的能(neng)級(ji)。試(shi)機，電(dian)表指(zhi)計(ji)仍然不穩。 4?不亂性不亂性是使用者最關注的指(zhi)標之一(yi)。在(zai)燈穩壓電(dian)路中，集(ji)成(cheng)運放(fang)F004A為核(he)心元(yuan)件(jian)，在(zai)運放(fang)外圍元(yuan)件(jian)完好的情(qing)況下(xia)，調整運放(fang)的輸入端電(dian)位器 W1，可見分光光度計(ji)在(zai)輸出端應有一(yi)電(dian)壓變化，若沒有，說明(ming)運算放(fang)大器損壞(huai)。光度計波長小于0.01nm的稱超硬X射線，在0.01～0.1nm范圍內的稱硬X射線，0.1～10nm范圍內的稱軟X射線。有時，基體中雖不含被測物質，但含有別的物質，這時必需保證其不影響測試。我們之前對光度計有過了解，在光度計的參數里面常常會說到波長范圍，波長重復性以及波長正確度等關于波長的詞。這種類型的分光光度計結構簡樸，操縱利便，維修輕易，合用于常規分析；
...

        然而，實驗并非一帆風順。按照比耳定律，光譜帶寬應該是越小越好的，但是假如儀器的可見分光光度計光源能量弱，光學傳感器的敏捷度低時，光譜帶寬小了，也得不到理想的丈量結果的，所以，選擇和使用儀器時一定留意。這時檢查暗盒下面的硅膠，看其顏色是否變紅(粉)，如變色，應及時將硅膠筒旋出，賜與更換或烘燒。長期受X射線輻射對人體有傷害。按照比耳定律，光譜帶寬應該是越小越好的，但是假如儀器的光源能量弱，光學傳感器的敏捷度低時，光譜帶寬小了，也得不到理想的丈量結果的。這經是光譜丈量中誤差的主要來源。此外，＋8V還作鎢燈穩壓電源基準電壓及光電管陽極電壓使用。那波長到底是什么？怎樣去劃分波長的范圍？(1)102光源燈電壓不穩。 ICP-AES儀器價格昂貴，不易操縱，譜線干擾比較嚴峻，對一些復雜基體樣品中微量元素的測定，ICP-AES法就顯得力不從心，光度計對超痕量元素的檢測就更無能為力了。波長從10—400nm（可見光紫端到X射線間）輻射的總稱。會使人感到在使用一臺很漂亮的儀器時,自己可見分光光度計是處在一個很柔美的環境下工作,這對分析工作本身都是有益的。通過光學系統轉換，使雙波長分光光度計能很利便地轉化為單波長工作方式。而未換乙炔表。 Morton利用有雜質存在吸收光譜外形的改變計算混合物中含有雜質時魚肝油的量。借助于微處理機來分析計算混合物中多種組分的含量，十分簡便、迅速、正確。美學性是指紫外可見分光光度計儀器的形狀是否美觀。測試前，選擇準確的程序，輸入原液和稀可見分光光度計釋液的體積，爾后測試空缺液和樣品液。 5?噪聲噪聲也是儀器的重要指標之一。樣品的吸光值與樣品的濃度成正比。正常視力的人眼對波長約為555納米的電磁波最為敏感，這種電磁波處于光學頻譜的綠光區域。假如一個多組分混合物，其吸收帶固然相互重迭，但能遵守比耳定律，則可以采用解聯立議程式的辦法來進行定量。 c.不亂性也是我們比較關注的題目，假如一臺分光光度計連最最少的不亂性都沒，那還有誰會去買它。這些電子因為各種原因(如受光、熱、電的激發)而從一個能級轉到另一個能級，稱為躍遷。所用儀器為紫外可見分光光度計、可見光分光光度計（或比色計）、紅外分光光度計或原子吸收分光光度計。第二情況為，誤差方向不一致，有正差有負差。 (2)儀器內乙炔表顯示異常，慢滑而非迅速停穩，進步乙炔氣壓力也不能點火。大氣層對于大部門的電磁波輻射來講都是不透明的，只有可見光波段和其他少數如無線電通信波段等例外。紫外可見分光光度計可用于物質的定量分析、結構分析和定量分析。遠紅外多用于軍事。樞紐字：原子吸收分光光度計環境監測金屬元素1、前言環境監測中對主要陽離子分析可分為金屬一大類即：Na、K、Ma、Ca、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe、Mn、Ni、Cr、Ag等的分析，這些元素都可用火焰或石墨爐原子吸收法測定。 (2)光門部件漏光，光電管、運算放大器受潮。可以定量溶于緩沖液的寡核苷酸，單鏈、雙鏈DNA，以及RNA。紫外可見分光光度定量分析的依據是Lambert-Beer定律，即在一定波優點被測定物質的吸光度與它的溶度呈線性關系。核酸的最高吸收峰的吸收波長260 nm。可見光：390nm`760nm波段，其中420nm一下因為受到玻璃材料的限制一般不能透過光學鏡頭。但是它合用于不飽和有機化合物。雙光束分光光度計一般都能自動記實吸收光譜曲線。波長的選擇應留意使一個組分的吸光系數比其它組分的吸光系數大，這樣才能得到較高的精確度。 f.光度也一定要正確，丈量值和與正確值偏差也是越小越好。 (3)點火進樣一段時間后，火焰不穩，并伴有嗤嗤聲。定量不同類型的核酸，事先要選擇對應的系數。由此可見原子吸收分光光度計在環境監測中的重要性。 2、原子吸收在環境監測中的地位跟著現代儀器水平的發展，光度計測定金屬元素的儀器(qi)也有了(le)長足的發(fa)展，如ICP-AES(電感巧合(he)等離(li)子(zi)體發(fa)射光譜法)，原子(zi)熒(ying)光法，極(ji)譜法等。

         溫度(du)(du)補(bu)償將(jiang)溫度(du)(du)補(bu)償器(qi)旋到被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)實(shi)際溫度(du)(du)值出。按不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)pH計(ji)所(suo)附的(de)仿(fang)單(dan)讀取溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)pH值，校對pH計(ji)，使其(qi)讀數與(yu)尺(chi)度(du)(du)緩沖(chong)液(ye)(pH7.0)的(de)實(shi)際值相同(tong)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)亂；然后再將(jiang)電極(ji)從溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)中掏出并(bing)用蒸餾水充分淋洗，將(jiang)小燒杯中換入pH4.01或0.01的(de)尺(chi)度(du)(du)緩沖(chong)液(ye)，把(ba)電極(ji)浸入，重(zhong)復(fu)上述步(bu)驟使其(qi)讀數不(bu)(bu)亂。測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)時把(ba)復(fu)合電極(ji)插(cha)在被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)中，因為被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)酸(suan)度(du)(du)（氫離(li)子(zi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)）不(bu)(bu)酸(suan)度計同(tong)而產生不(bu)同(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)勢(shi)，將它通過直放逐大器(qi)放大，最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)由讀數(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)器(qi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表）指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出被測溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的pH值(zhi)(zhi)。(2) 用純水(shui)沖刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)并(bing)甩(shuai)干。 PH計是一(yi)種(zhong)常用的儀器(qi)設備，主要(yao)用來精密丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)液(ye)(ye)體介質的酸堿度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)，配上相應(ying)的離(li)(li)子(zi)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)也可(ke)以丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)離(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位M 值(zhi)(zhi)，廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)產業、農業、科(ke)研、環保等領(ling)域。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)四周的h離(li)(li)子(zi)減少，導(dao)致PH值(zhi)(zhi)慢慢升高 ， 四、筆式酸度(du)(du)(du)(du)計讀數(shu)選擇題(ti)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)定(ding)PH計4，你先標(biao)(biao)定(ding)酸度(du)(du)(du)(du)計，最(zui)好(hao)是三點校準。⒋清洗(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，不(bu)要(yao)用濾紙擦拭玻璃(li)膜，而應(ying)用濾紙吸干, 避免損壞玻璃(li)薄膜、防止(zhi)交*污染，影響丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)。而溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的pH值(zhi)(zhi)又可(ke)能會(hui)在9.00左(zuo)右波動(dong)(dong)(dong)，勢(shi)必造(zao)成繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)頻繁動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。定(ding)容時要(yao)留意(yi)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)凹液(ye)(ye)面的最(zui)低處和刻度(du)(du)(du)(du)線相切，眼睛視(shi)線與刻度(du)(du)(du)(du)線呈水(shui)平，不(bu)能俯視(shi)或仰視(shi)，否(fou)則(ze)都會(hui)造(zao)成誤差，6、搖(yao)勻：定(ding)容后(hou)(hou)(hou)的溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)平均(jun)(jun)，要(yao)把(ba)容量(liang)瓶(ping)瓶(ping)塞(sai)塞(sai)緊(jin)，用食指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頂住瓶(ping)塞(sai)，用另一(yi)只手的手指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)托住瓶(ping)底，把(ba)容量(liang)瓶(ping)倒轉(zhuan)和搖(yao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)多(duo)次(ci)，使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)混合(he)平均(jun)(jun)。(4) 掏出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)并(bing)甩(shuai)干，將pH溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)補償旋(xuan)鈕調(diao)節(jie)至樣品溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)浸入樣品溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，晃動(dong)(dong)(dong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)靜止(zhi)放置，顯示(shi)不(bu)亂后(hou)(hou)(hou)讀數(shu)。用酸度(du)(du)(du)(du)計進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)是丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)pH最(zui)精密的方法(fa)。輕輕振(zhen)蕩容量(liang)瓶(ping)，使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)充分(fen)混合(he)。選擇一(yi)種(zhong)最(zui)接近(jin)樣品pH值(zhi)(zhi)的緩沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)放入這(zhe)一(yi)緩沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)里(li)，搖(yao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)燒杯(bei)，使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)平均(jun)(jun)。如真的要(yao)取值(zhi)(zhi)，那(nei)肯(ken)定(ding)取5.2的了。校正(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)切勿再(zai)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)定(ding)位調(diao)節(jie)器(qi)，否(fou)則(ze)必需重新校正(zheng)(zheng)。正(zheng)(zheng)常情(qing)況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)應(ying)該透明而無裂(lie)紋，球(qiu)泡內(nei)要(yao)布滿溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，不(bu)能有氣(qi)泡存(cun)在；7. 實驗室PH計復合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)不(bu)用時，可(ke)充分(fen)浸泡3M氯(lv)化鉀溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中。從實際(ji)使(shi)用要(yao)求(qiu)出發，目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計的分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)為0.1～0.在線(xian)式PH計pH，假如(ru)(ru)有必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)話，依當前的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)技(ji)水平，完(wan)全可(ke)以制作出更精密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)電計。云儀(yi)便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)PH計的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)用(yong)參數是(shi)：便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)PH計一般是(shi)液晶(jing)顯示(shi)，攜帶利便(bian)(bian)，配用(yong)E201復合電極便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)PH計的(de)(de)(de)PH丈量范圍：0.在線式(shi)(shi)PH計-14.00PH；便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)PH計的(de)(de)(de)丈量精度(du)：±0.1PH；便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)PH計無(wu)溫度(du)補償(chang)，電池(chi)一般采用(yong)直流9V電池(chi)1節，形(xing)狀尺(chi)120*40*34㎜。 通常(chang)對于(yu)(yu)酸度(du)計泛起(qi)故障時(shi)首先檢查(cha)給該儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)配套的(de)(de)(de)電極是(shi)否有題(ti)目，其方法是(shi):假如(ru)(ru)有電極可(ke)以更換嘗嘗，假如(ru)(ru)沒有備用(yong)電極可(ke)以檢查(cha)酸度(du)計的(de)(de)(de)電路有題(ti)目。高點(dian)繼電器(qi)(qi)是(shi)當顯示(shi)數值大(da)于(yu)(yu)繼電器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)數值是(shi)吸合，低點(dian)繼電器(qi)(qi)是(shi)當顯示(shi)數值小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)繼電器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)數值是(shi)吸合。這(zhe)時(shi)溫度(du)調節器(qi)(qi)、定位調節器(qi)(qi)、斜率調節器(qi)(qi)都不能(neng)再(zai)動。

         PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是受溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)影響的(de)，假如水的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)變化，泛(fan)起PH變化是很正常(chang)的(de)。 ③丈量(liang)：經由pH標定的(de)儀(yi)器(qi)，即可(ke)用來測定樣品的(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(2) 掏出(chu)(chu)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)洗凈甩干(gan)，浸入第二種尺度(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中。復合(he)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)主要(yao)傳(chuan)感部門是電(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)球泡(pao)(pao)，球泡(pao)(pao)極(ji)(ji)薄，千萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)能跟硬物接觸(chu)。PH計的(de)第三點校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)。無論是什么樣的(de)pH計，pH＝7這個(ge)(ge)點是必需校(xiao)(xiao)正的(de)，而(er)且在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩點校(xiao)(xiao)正的(de)時候要(yao)先校(xiao)(xiao)正pH=7這個(ge)(ge)點。曾(ceng)有用戶在(zai)(zai)(zai)堿(jian)性(xing)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中和(he)的(de)過(guo)程中將高點設置為7.50，低(di)點設置為6.50，但愿pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高于7.50時加酸(suan)(suan)(suan)調(diao)節(jie)，降至6.50時關斷。正常(chang)情況下，電(dian)極(ji)(ji)應該透明而(er)無裂紋(wen);球泡(pao)(pao)內要(yao)布滿(man)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)能有氣泡(pao)(pao)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)。(3) 將電(dian)極(ji)(ji)浸入緩沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)晃動(dong)后(hou)靜止(zhi)放(fang)置，待讀數(shu)不(bu)(bu)亂后(hou)，調(diao)節(jie)定位(wei)(wei)旋鈕使儀(yi)器(qi)顯(xian)示該尺度(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一般先以pH6.86或pH7.00進行"定位(wei)(wei)"校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)，然后(hou)根據測試(shi)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)堿(jian)情況，選用pH4.00（酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)）或pH9.18和(he)pHI0.0l (堿(jian)性(xing))緩沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)進行"斜(xie)率"校(xiao)(xiao)正。使用時，留意將電(dian)極(ji)(ji)輕(qing)輕(qing)甩幾(ji)下。⒎嚴(yan)禁在(zai)(zai)(zai)脫(tuo)水性(xing)介質如無水乙醇、重鉻(ge)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀等(deng)中使用。筆試(shi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)計的(de)主體(ti)是精密(mi)的(de)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)計，測定時把復合(he)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)插在(zai)(zai)(zai)被(bei)測溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中，因為被(bei)測溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)（氫離子濃度(du)(du)(du)）不(bu)(bu)同而(er)產(chan)生不(bu)(bu)同的(de)電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)，將它(ta)通(tong)過(guo)直放(fang)逐大(da)(da)器(qi)放(fang)大(da)(da)，最后(hou)由讀數(shu)指示器(qi)（電(dian)壓(ya)表）指出(chu)(chu)被(bei)測酸(suan)度計溶(rong)液的(de)(de)pH值(zhi)。⒌丈量中(zhong)注酸度計意電極的(de)(de)銀—氯(lv)(lv)化銀內(nei)參比電極應浸入到球泡內(nei)氯(lv)(lv)化物緩沖(chong)溶(rong)液中(zhong)，避免電計顯(xian)示部門(men)泛(fan)起(qi)數字(zi)亂跳現象(xiang)。便攜式(shi)PH計由于它的(de)(de)利便，而被廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)應用于各大(da)行業PH值(zhi)的(de)(de)測定。4.數字(zi)式(shi)酸度計通電后顯(xian)示在(zai)線式(shi)PH計的(de)(de)(de)數字不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂或(huo)泛(fan)(fan)起漂移情(qing)況。(1)檢(jian)(jian)查儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)各接插(cha)(cha)件是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)牢固(gu);(2)檢(jian)(jian)查儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸入及輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂;(3)檢(jian)(jian)查儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路板是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)被腐蝕; (4)檢(jian)(jian)查儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)放(fang)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運算放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)燒壞。現在(zai)(zai)有(you)良多廠家都提供測(ce)定(ding)低離子濃度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，效果可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)好一些。目(mu)前實(shi)驗室酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都是(shi)復合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，其(qi)長處是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)利(li)便，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受氧化性或(huo)還原性物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)影響，且平衡速度(du)(du)(du)較快。二(er)、尺度(du)(du)(du)緩(huan)沖液的(de)(de)(de)配制及其(qi)保(bao)留(liu) 。⒈pH尺度(du)(du)(du)物(wu)質應保(bao)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)干燥的(de)(de)(de)地方，如(ru)混合(he)磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽pH尺度(du)(du)(du)物(wu)質在(zai)(zai)空(kong)氣濕度(du)(du)(du)較大(da)時就(jiu)會(hui)發生潮解,一旦(dan)泛(fan)(fan)起潮解,pH尺度(du)(du)(du)物(wu)質即(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)。2.安酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)裝電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)玻璃(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)插(cha)(cha)頭插(cha)(cha)入插(cha)(cha)座(zuo),甘汞(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引線(xian)接在(zai)(zai)接線(xian)柱上(shang)(shang)。使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)夠公道維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、按要(yao)求配制尺度(du)(du)(du)緩(huan)沖液和準確操縱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji),可(ke)大(da)大(da)減小pH示值(zhi)誤差，從而進步化學(xue)實(shi)驗、醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)修數據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)*性。以下(xia)(xia)內容為(wei)(wei)整合(he)賽科環保(bao)整合(he)網絡內容發布，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)代表本站觀點，請(qing)謹嚴參(can)考使(shi)用(yong)一、筆式酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)讀數選擇題(ti)目(mu)標定(ding)PH計(ji)， 1、溫度(du)(du)(du)對PH有(you)輕微的(de)(de)(de)影響的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣就(jiu)完成了二(er)重點校正(zheng)；校正(zheng)完畢，用(yong)蒸餾(liu)水沖刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和燒杯。這(zhe)個操縱叫做搖勻。實(shi)際上(shang)(shang)這(zhe)樣理(li)解是(shi)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)，若(ruo)照此(ci)理(li)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)解，當碰到(dao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性溶液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和時，則無法控制。如(ru)有(you)污跡可(ke)用(yong)99%酒精擦(ca)凈；3. 酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)顯示變淡時，請(qing)更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，裝新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時留(liu)意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（紅色為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）；4. 酸(suan)(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)插(cha)(cha)入待(dai)測(ce)液或(huo)校正(zheng)緩(huan)沖液時，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)超過測(ce)試(shi)筆上(shang)(shang)標示最大(da)高度(du)(du)(du)；5. 若(ruo)PH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)置時間(jian)良久(jiu),且敏感球泡(pao)暴(bao)露在(zai)(zai)空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)干燥，使(shi)得響應變慢且顯示值(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂。使(shi)用(yong)時，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)液口上(shang)(shang)所套的(de)(de)(de)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)套和下(xia)(xia)真(zhen)個橡(xiang)(xiang)皮套全取下(xia)(xia)，以保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內氯化鉀溶液的(de)(de)(de)液壓差。⒌丈量中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)留(liu)意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)銀―氯化銀內參(can)實驗室PH計比電極應浸入到球泡內氯化物緩沖溶液中，避免電計顯示部門泛起數字亂跳現象。2.溫度補償功能，手動溫度補償(0℃~60℃),即時修正溫度波動對丈量結果的影響。從而進步被測樣品的精確度3.自動校準，自動識別緩沖液，最多2點校準，確保丈量結果的正確性。現在用的Ph實驗室PH計筆式酸度計，測定實驗室日常自己蒸餾出來的的蒸餾水，按照仿單進行操縱，等待讀書不亂時讀數5.2，然后就把Ph計一直放在要測定的水的燒杯中，等過一會兒再過來看，讀數變成5.9，比原來大，不知道為什么？到底應該要哪個讀數。酸度計的級別與其測試正確度的關系在酸度計國家計量檢定規程（JJG 119-84）中劃定如下：儀器的級別 0.2級 0.1級 0.02級 0.01級 0.在線式PH計級 
...

　     酸(suan)度(du)計(ji)可以把(ba)PH精確(que)(que)到(dao)小數(shu)點后一位(wei)，而PH試(shi)紙不能(neng)(neng)精確(que)(que)，只能(neng)(neng)按照比色卡讀出(chu)大概的(de)讀數(shu)，只能(neng)(neng)精確(que)(que)到(dao)個(ge)位(wei)。把(ba)握了便攜(xie)式PH計(ji)的(de)使用(yong)方法(fa)以及準確(que)(que)的(de)校正，我們再(zai)以后使用(yong)時就會更加利便，而且丈(zhang)量(liang)數(shu)據也會更加正確(que)(que)無(wu)誤。⒍電極(ji)不能(neng)(neng)用(yong)于強酸(suan)、強堿或其(qi)他(ta)侵蝕性溶(rong)液(ye)。為(wei)保證溶(rong)質盡可能(neng)(neng)全部(bu)轉移到(dao)容(rong)量(liang)瓶中，應該用(yong)蒸餾水洗滌(di)燒杯和(he)玻(bo)璃棒二、三次，并將每次洗滌(di)后的(de)溶(rong)液(ye)都注(zhu)入到(dao)容(rong)量(liang)瓶中。待(dai)示(shi)值不亂后，調(diao)節定位(wei)旋(xuan)鈕(niu)使儀(yi)器示(shi)值為(wei)尺度(du)溶(rong)液(ye)的(de)pHs值。⒌丈(zhang)量(liang)中實驗室PH計留意電(dian)(dian)極，銀(yin)—氯化銀(yin)內(nei)參(can)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)極應浸入到球泡內(nei)氯化物(wu)緩沖溶液中，避免電(dian)(dian)計(ji)(ji)顯示部門泛(fan)起數字亂跳現(xian)象。實驗室常用(yong)的酸(suan)(suan)度計(ji)(ji)有老式的國(guo)產雷磁(ci)25型酸(suan)(suan)度計(ji)(ji)(最小(xiao)分度0.1單(dan)位)和pHS-2型酸(suan)(suan)度計(ji)(ji)(最小(xiao)分度0.02單(dan)位)，這類酸(suan)(suan)在線式PH計度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)(zhi)針顯示(shi)。待第種緩沖(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讀(du)(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)亂后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，該(gai)讀(du)(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)該(gai)緩沖(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，否(fou)則調(diao)(diao)節(jie)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)。酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)目前(qian)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)等(deng)領域應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)都(dou)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般(ban)有(you)(you)筆試酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、便(bian)攜式PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)、在(zai)線PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)。3、丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)：經(jing)由pH標(biao)(biao)(biao)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器(qi)(qi)，即(ji)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)樣品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)(you)些沒有(you)(you)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩點(dian)兩點(dian)校(xiao)(xiao)對，即(ji)校(xiao)(xiao)對兩次。測(ce)(ce)定(ding)時(shi)把(ba)復(fu)合(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)插在(zai)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，因為(wei)(wei)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)（氫離(li)(li)(li)子濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)）不(bu)(bu)同(tong)而(er)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，將它通(tong)過(guo)直放逐大器(qi)(qi)放大，最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)由讀(du)(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)(biao)）指(zhi)(zhi)出被(bei)測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)，留(liu)意將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)輕輕甩幾下(xia)。7.定(ding)位(wei)(wei)在(zai)被(bei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)定(ding)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)緩沖(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，查處該(gai)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)緩沖(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)、 準確使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與保養電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，目前(qian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)都(dou)是(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，其(qi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)處是(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)利便(bian)，不(bu)(bu)受(shou)氧化性或(huo)還(huan)原性物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，且平衡速度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)快。新式數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)式pH計(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)國產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)立龍公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)KL系列，其(qi)設(she)定(ding)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)在(zai)屏(ping)幕上(shang)以(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式顯示(shi)。把(ba)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)倒(dao)入(ru)試劑(ji)瓶(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)，蓋上(shang)瓶(ping)塞，貼(tie)上(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽。 丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)也(ye)消耗一(yi)定(ding)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)h離(li)(li)(li)子。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)，最(zui)好(hao)換(huan)算成同(tong)一(yi)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，好(hao)比(bi)都(dou)記實(shi)(shi)(shi)成25度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，水(shui)(shui)PH多少。在(zai)詳細操縱(zong)中(zhong)(zhong)，校(xiao)(xiao)準是(shi)pH計(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)操縱(zong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)重要步(bu)驟。⒎嚴禁在(zai)脫水(shui)(shui)性介質(zhi)如無水(shui)(shui)乙醇、重鉻(ge)酸(suan)鉀(jia)等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。測(ce)(ce)定(ding)時(shi)把(ba)復(fu)合(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)插在(zai)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，因為(wei)(wei)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)（氫離(li)(li)(li)子濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)）不(bu)(bu)同(tong)而(er)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，將它通(tong)過(guo)直放逐大器(qi)(qi)放大，最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)由讀(du)(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)(biao)）指(zhi)(zhi)出被(bei)測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)一(yi)種常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器(qi)(qi)設(she)備,主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)精密丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)堿度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),配(pei)上(shang)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)離(li)(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)M 值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，廣泛(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于產(chan)(chan)業(ye),農業(ye),科(ke)研,環保等(deng)領域。酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器(qi)(qi)。我標(biao)(biao)(biao)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)一(yi)般(ban)根據丈(zhang)量(liang)(liang)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)答題范圍標(biao)(biao)(biao)定(ding)假如小于7用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PH=4和6.86的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，反之用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)6.86和9.18標(biao)(biao)(biao)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)和儀器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題目，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)是(shi)pH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)漂移了(le)，可(ke)能(neng)跟pH復(fu)合(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)比(bi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴散有(you)(you)關，你(ni)可(ke)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)放入(ru)樣品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)待讀(du)(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)亂后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)掏(tao)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，沖(chong)刷(shua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再次放入(ru)統一(yi)個樣品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)看讀(du)(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)否(fou)發(fa)生(sheng)變化。 PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)離(li)(li)(li)子濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)以(yi)10為(wei)(wei)底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負數(shu)(shu)(shu)。現(xian)主(zhu)要先(xian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)法測(ce)(ce)得PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。存(cun)放pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料袋或(huo)其(qi)它容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，除了(le)應(ying)(ying)(ying)倒(dao)干凈(jing)以(yi)外(wai)，還(huan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)(shui)多次沖(chong)刷(shua)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將其(qi)倒(dao)入(ru)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，以(yi)保證(zheng)配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)正確無誤。最(zui)好(hao)能(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)定(ding)一(yi)下(xia)你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)。下(xia)面(mian)就把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與維(wei)護簡樸作一(yi)先(xian)容(rong)：⒈復(fu)合(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)，可(ke)充分(fen)浸泡3M氯化鉀(jia)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)。切忌用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)洗滌液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)其(qi)他吸(xi)水(shui)(shui)性試劑(ji)浸洗；8. PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)浸泡會因為(wei)(wei)玻璃(li)(li)膜(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)部門溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)而(er)導致玻璃(li)(li)膜(mo)氫功能(neng)減退，因此假如玻璃(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，以(yi)洗凈(jing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)干燥(zao)保留(liu)為(wei)(wei)好(hao)。 酸度計完了你再測定水樣。實驗室酸度計臺式電極維護方法如下：⒈復在線式PH計合電極不用時，可充分浸泡3M氯化鉀溶液中。參比電極的基本功能是維持一個恒定的電位，作為丈量各種偏離電位的對照。在小燒杯中加入pH值為7.0的尺度緩沖液，將電極浸入，輕輕搖動燒杯，使電極所接觸的溶液平均。如要鎖該數，將在線式PH計開關鎖定讀數。儀器采用CMOS集成電路，不用時插入短路插頭。筆試酸度計應用已經如斯廣泛，那我們對它了解又有多少呢？筆試酸度計外殼是防水設計，體積小，可隨身攜帶，隨時丈量，使用更利便。⒎嚴禁在脫水性介質如無水乙醇、重鉻酸鉀等中使用。 5.校正將分檔開關指向“校正”，滾動校正調節器使指針指在滿刻度“2.0”6.重復操縱步驟4、5，至示值不亂為止。 
...

        電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)不能用于強酸、強堿(jian)或(huo)其他侵蝕性(xing)溶(rong)液(ye)。使(shi)用時，將電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)加液(ye)口(kou)上(shang)所套的橡(xiang)膠套和下(xia)真(zhen)個橡(xiang)皮套全取下(xia)，以(yi)保持電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)內氯(lv)化鉀溶(rong)液(ye)的液(ye)壓差。 ②定位：把復合(he)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)插入儀器。(4) 掏出(chu)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)沖刷(shua)并(bing)甩干(gan)。云儀分析(xi)儀表，除了出(chu)產(chan)實驗室PH計(ji)(ji)，筆試酸度計(ji)(ji)，便攜(xie)式(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)以(yi)外，也出(chu)產(chan)及銷售產(chan)業在線式(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)，云儀在線式(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)可廣泛應實驗室(shi)PH計用于火電(dian)(dian)、化工化肥(fei)、冶金、環保、自(zi)來水(shui)等溶液中(zhong)pH值24小時(shi)(shi)的(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)監測。云儀(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)之前需要留(liu)意(yi)(yi)的(de)題目如下：1. 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)之前，先仔(zi)細(xi)閱(yue)讀理解(jie)本使用仿單，以免接(jie)(jie)線(xian)不(bu)準確導致儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)損壞；2. 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)要選擇好的(de)環境(jing)，應該選擇透風(feng)良好的(de)位置(zhi)安(an)裝(zhuang)，要留(liu)意(yi)(yi)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)及電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)防水(shui)，并避免在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有侵蝕性環境(jing)中(zhong)使用；3. 當在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)所有接(jie)(jie)線(xian)完成前，請勿給儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)，以免發生意(yi)(yi)外(wai)；4. PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)實驗室PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)極信號的(de)傳輸須采(cai)用高絕緣特殊同軸纜(lan)線(xian)，不(bu)可隨便用一般電(dian)(dian)極代替，否(fou)則將產生錯誤的(de)丈(zhang)量結果；5. PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)內的(de)控(kong)制器(qi)為小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，若要控(kong)制較大動力的(de)設備(bei)時(shi)(shi)，請外(wai)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)容量較大的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，以免燒壞主機內部繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)；云儀(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使用時(shi)(shi)的(de)留(liu)意(yi)(yi)事(shi)項：1. 為使丈(zhang)量更精確，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)在(zai)線(xian)式PH計極(ji)須常常清洗，并(bing)配(pei)合(he)儀表(biao)進行校(xiao)正；2. 執行在線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)校(xiao)正工作(zuo)之前請將儀表(biao)通電預熱三十分鐘；3. 若您的PH計(ji)(ji)電極(ji)購買(mai)時(shi)間已近(jin)一年，請留意更換(huan)；4. 第一次使(shi)用(yong)(yong)或長期停用(yong)(yong)的pH計(ji)(ji)電極(ji)，在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前須在3mol/L氯化(hua)鉀溶液中浸(jin)泡24小時(shi)。筆試(shi)酸度(du)計(ji)(ji)的常用(yong)(yong)參數有：筆試(shi)酸度(du)計(ji)(ji)在丈量(liang)結束后，20分鐘可(ke)以自酸度計動(dong)關機；筆試酸度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)范(fan)圍以一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)：0.00-14.00PH；一(yi)般(ban)分(fen)辨(bian)率為：0.01PH；精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達0.02PH；采用(yong)自動(dong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)補(bu)(bu)償，范(fan)圍在(zai)：0-50℃；電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)般(ban)選用(yong)4*1.5V的(de)(de)(de)紐扣(kou)電(dian)(dian)池；工作(zuo)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)0-50℃；采用(yong)3點校(xiao)正（4.01、6.86、9.18）體(ti)積(ji)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)188mm*38mm酸度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)級別(bie)是(shi)(shi)按其指示(shi)器(qi)（簡稱電(dian)(dian)計(ji)(ji)）的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（分(fen)辨(bian)率或(huo)最(zui)小(xiao)顯示(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）表示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，例如：分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)為0.1pH的(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)器(qi)稱為0.1級儀(yi)器(qi)；最(zui)小(xiao)顯示(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為0.在(zai)線式(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)pH的(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)實(shi)(shi)驗室PH計(ji)(ji)器(qi)稱為0.在(zai)線式(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)級儀(yi)器(qi)，等等。同(tong)時丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)比(bi)不同(tong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下測得的(de)(de)(de)PH是(shi)(shi)否能夠對(dui)應起來(lai)。清(qing)洗電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，吸干電(dian)(dian)極(ji)球泡(pao)(pao)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)余液(ye)。酸度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)精(jing)(jing)密的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位計(ji)(ji)。2、因為復合電(dian)(dian)極(ji)液(ye)接界很靠近PH敏感(gan)玻(bo)璃球泡(pao)(pao)，從液(ye)接界滲漏出的(de)(de)(de)鹽橋溶液(ye)首先(xian)會萃在(zai)敏感(gan)球泡(pao)(pao)附近，改變了其四(si)周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)總離子濃度(du)(du)(du)，由上述原因可(ke)知，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)敏感(gan)球泡(pao)(pao)四(si)周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)被(bei)改變了PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不能反映其真實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。該(gai)儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)示(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤差(cha)可(ke)以使(shi)(shi)用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)位差(cha)計(ji)(ji)進(jin)行丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)。那(nei)便攜式(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)到底有(you)(you)哪些長處呢？便攜式(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)一(yi)般(ban)都具有(you)(you)自動(dong)校(xiao)正、手動(dong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)補(bu)(bu)償、自動(dong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)補(bu)(bu)償，對(dui)測試結果可(ke)以儲(chu)存和刪(shan)除(chu)以及查(cha)閱；自動(dong)關機；斷電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)等電(dian)(dian)源治理功能；可(ke)選擇五(wu)種pH緩沖溶液(ye)對(dui)儀(yi)器(qi)進(jin)行一(yi)點或(huo)二點標定；最(zui)多可(ke)儲(chu)存250套丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)數據。

        檢查步(bu)驟: 若酸度計將酸度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)短接(jie)后(hou)，其pH值(zhi)(zhi)顯(xian)示為(wei)(wei)7,毫伏值(zhi)(zhi)顯(xian)示為(wei)(wei)0,另外儀器調零正常(chang)目(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)位輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)也(ye)正常(chang)，可以初步(bu)判定(ding)(ding)(ding)該(gai)儀器電路系(xi)統工作基本正常(chang)。⒊配制pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)應使用較小的燒杯來稀釋(shi)，以減(jian)少沾在燒杯壁上的pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)液(ye)。酸度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)能在0～14pH值(zhi)(zhi)范圍內使用。酸度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)有(you)臺式(shi)(shi)、便攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)、表(biao)型式(shi)(shi)等(deng)多(duo)種，讀(du)(du)數(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)示器有(you)數(shu)字式(shi)(shi)和指(zhi)(zhi)針式(shi)(shi)兩種。詳細操縱步(bu)驟如(ru)下： (1) 丈量尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)緩沖(chong)液(ye)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，查表(biao)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)該(gai)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下的pHs值(zhi)(zhi)，將溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)補償旋鈕(niu)調節到該(gai)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下。編纂本段使用步(bu)驟：測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時把(ba)復合電極(ji)插(cha)在被(bei)測(ce)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)中，因為(wei)(wei)被(bei)測(ce)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的酸度(du)(du)(du)（氫(qing)離子濃度(du)(du)(du)）不同而(er)產生(sheng)不同的電動勢(shi)，將它通過直放(fang)逐大器放(fang)大，最后(hou)由讀(du)(du)數(shu)指(zhi)(zhi)示器（電壓(ya)表(biao)）指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)被(bei)測(ce)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的pH值(zhi)(zhi)。5.酸度(du)(du)(du)計(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)指(zhi)(zhi)示不準(zhun)；檢測(ce)方法分(fen)歧(qi)錯誤或溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)、斜率調節點分(fen)歧(qi)錯誤。 還需要(yao)說明的是，儀器示值(zhi)(zhi)總誤差的檢測(ce)為(wei)(wei)什么要(yao)劃定(ding)(ding)(ding)測(ce)試范圍為(wei)(wei)pH3～pH10呢？是因為(wei)(wei)參比電極(ji)的液(ye)接(jie)界電勢(shi)與溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)在(zai)線式PH計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH有關(guan)(guan)(guan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)pH3～pH10范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接界電(dian)(dian)勢可不亂在(zai)(zai)(zai)±0.01pH范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)，若10＜pH＜3時，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接界電(dian)(dian)勢引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)可高(gao)(gao)達±0.07pH。⒉使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)，檢查玻璃電(dian)(dian)極(ji)前(qian)真個(ge)球泡。把電(dian)(dian)極(ji)放(fang)入第(di)二(er)種(zhong)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中，搖動(dong)燒杯(bei)(bei)使(shi)(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)均，待(dai)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)不亂后(hou)(hou)，該讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)第(di)二(er)種(zhong)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，否則(ze)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)斜率調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)器(qi)。酸(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)0～14pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。 編纂本段在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)尺度(du)(du)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)及(ji)其保留，快速(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)置(zhi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)|酸(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保護液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)——3mol/L的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)KCl溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)展開(kai)(kai)步驟說明(ming)：1、計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算：KCl摩爾質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)74.5g/mol, 則(ze)KCl質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)＝3mol×74.5g/mol=223.5g；2、 稱(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)：用(yong)(yong)分(fen)(fen)析天(tian)平(ping)稱(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)KCl 223.5g，留意分(fen)(fen)析天(tian)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)；3、 溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)燒杯(bei)(bei)頂用(yong)(yong)100ml蒸(zheng)餾水使(shi)(shi)之完全溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)，并用(yong)(yong)玻璃棒攪拌；4、 轉(zhuan)移，洗(xi)滌(di)：把溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)移入1實(shi)驗室PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)ml容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)瓶(ping)，用(yong)(yong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)瓶(ping)瓶(ping)口較細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)析精(jing)度(du)(du)要求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)時，要選(xuan)擇兩(liang)種(zhong)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)（即(ji)被測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)樣品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)該兩(liang)種(zhong)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之間或接近）。 ①校正：先將儀器(qi)斜率調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)器(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)100％位置(zhi)，再根據被測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)，調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)溫度(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)器(qi)到該溫度(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。把電(dian)(dian)入實(shi)驗室PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)第(di)二(er)種(zhong)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中，搖動(dong)燒杯(bei)(bei)使(shi)(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)均，待(dai)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)不亂后(hou)(hou)，該讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)應是(shi)第(di)二(er)種(zhong)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，否則(ze)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)斜率調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)器(qi)。酸(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)產業領(ling)域丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)PH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)24小時在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，云儀在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不僅多參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)，而且顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)模式(shi)也可以(yi)更改(gai)，具備(bei)錯誤(wu)指示(shi)(shi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，也可以(yi)自動(dong)去(qu)識(shi)別(bie)(bie)尺度(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，遲滯(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，光電(dian)(dian)隔離(li)式(shi)4-20mA電(dian)(dian)流輸(shu)出(chu)，具有兩(liang)組獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)，控制(zhi)執行負載（如計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)泵），分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)點繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)低點繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。從上(shang)(shang)表可以(yi)看出(chu)，對于(yu)(yu)0.01級(ji)以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總誤(wu)差(cha)數(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)是(shi)其級(ji)別(bie)(bie)，對于(yu)(yu)0.01級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總誤(wu)差(cha)為(wei)(wei)0.02pH，對于(yu)(yu)0.在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)式(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)級(ji)酸(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，其示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總誤(wu)差(cha)也只能(neng)(neng)(neng)達到±0.01pH，而且此時需要使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)一級(ji)pH尺度(du)(du)物質才能(neng)(neng)(neng)得到保證(zheng)。酸(suan)(suan)度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)0～14pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。8.丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)將電(dian)(dian)極(ji)浸入被測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中，按下讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)分(fen)(fen)檔開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，至能(neng)(neng)(neng)讀(du)(du)出(chu)指示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，分(fen)(fen)檔開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)上(shang)(shang)指針(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)為(wei)(wei)被測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。基(ji)礎型pH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)特點：1.友(you)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操縱(zong)界面(mian)，利(li)便讀(du)(du)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背光液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)晶顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)屏，豐碩(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)信息(xi)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)、以(yi)及(ji)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)狀(zhuang)態提示(shi)(shi)圖(tu)案，都讓pH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操縱(zong)和(he)設置(zhi)變得更為(wei)(wei)簡樸，使(shi)(shi)您的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)更加(jia)得心應手。調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)好(hao)后(hou)(hou)，松(song)開(kai)(kai)讀(du)(du)數(shu)(shu)(shu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，撤去(qu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，淋洗(xi)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)濾紙吸干電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)附著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水分(fen)(fen)。銀(yin)-氧化(hua)銀(yin)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)pH中最常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)。 酸(suan)度計要取得精確的丈量結果，應使被測水樣溫度與標定時的緩沖液溫度一致。檢驗時電烙鐵要有良好的接地，以保護儀器。儀器采用CMOS集成電路，不用時插入短路插頭。編纂本段原理，酸度計的主體是精密的電位計。 
...

         筆式酸度(du)計讀數(shu)選擇題(ti)目標定PH計  1、5.2和5.9我(wo)感(gan)覺影響(xiang)不大有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)一起反應慢多方一段時間(jian)，假(jia)如(ru)想正確些的話可(ke)(ke)以(yi)標定一下。⒋清洗電極后，不要用濾(lv)紙擦拭玻(bo)璃膜(mo)，而應用濾(lv)紙吸干,避免(mian)損壞玻(bo)璃薄膜(mo)、防止(zhi)交叉(cha)污染，影響(xiang)丈(zhang)量精(jing)度(du)。2.溫(wen)度(du)補償功(gong)能(neng)，手動溫(wen)度(du)酸度計補償(chang)(0℃~60℃),即時修正(zheng)溫(wen)度(du)波動(dong)對丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)結(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)影響，從而進步被測樣(yang)品的(de)(de)精確(que)度(du)。3.自(zi)動(dong)校準(zhun)，自(zi)動(dong)識別緩沖液，最多2點校準(zhun)，確(que)保丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)結(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)性 。獨特的(de)(de)應用(yong)特點：1.友好的(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)縱界面，利(li)便讀取的(de)(de)背光(guang)液晶顯(xian)(xian)示屏(ping)，豐碩(shuo)的(de)(de)測定信息顯(xian)(xian)示、以及形(xing)象的(de)(de)電(dian)極(ji)狀態提示圖案，都讓pH計的(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)縱和(he)設置變得更(geng)為簡樸，使您的(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)更(geng)加得心應手。 2.接(jie)通電(dian)源儀(yi)器表(biao)頭指示不(bu)不(bu)亂或(huo)指針(zhen)不(bu)定位。  (1)打開儀(yi)器面板檢查(cha)表(biao)頭是否卡針(zhen)，觀察線圈上是否有異物;(2)檢查(cha)儀(yi)器機殼是否接(jie)地。是帶溫(wen)度(du)補償(chang)的(de)(de)，所以應在線式PH計該跟溫(wen)度(du)不(bu)要緊，有沒有可能是水本身的(de)(de)題目(mu) 二、筆式酸度(du)計讀數(shu)選擇題目(mu)標定PH計；2首(shou)先對PH計進行校準(zhun)，我們采(cai)用(yong)兩(liang)點定位校準(zhun)法，調節選擇旋鈕(niu)至PH檔； 用(yong)溫(wen)度(du)計丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)被測溶液的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)，讀數(shu)，例如25oC。用(yong)蒸餾水清洗電(dian)極(ji)，用(yong)濾(lv)紙(zhi)吸干電(dian)極(ji)球部后，把電(dian)極(ji)插在盛有被測樣(yang)品的(de)(de)燒杯內，輕輕搖動(dong)燒杯，待(dai)讀數(shu)不(bu)亂后，就顯(xian)(xian)示被測樣(yang)品的(de)(de)pH值。便攜(xie)式PH計的(de)(de)技術指標：便攜(xie)式PH計一般是液晶顯(xian)(xian)示，攜(xie)帶利(li)便，配(pei)用(yong)E201復合電(dian)極(ji)PH丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)范(fan)圍：丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)精度(du)：±0.1PH；電(dian)池(chi)：直(zhi)流9V電(dian)池(chi)實驗室PH計(ji)1節；便攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)筆試(shi)(shi)酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)比較利便攜(xie)帶使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，哪(na)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)好(hao)呢(ni)？那肯(ken)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)西安云儀(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析儀(yi)(yi)(yi)表了(le)，云儀(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)產及銷售多(duo)種物(wu)(wu)理光學，電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學等分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)好(hao)，而且價位(wei)(wei)合(he)(he)適(shi)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)要(yao)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)達到滿足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)已不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)題目(mu)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)目(mu)前都(dou)在(zai)(zai)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)，人道(dao)化(hua)(hua)，可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)，操(cao)縱(zong)簡便以(yi)(yi)及性(xing)價比等方(fang)面(mian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)立異和(he)進(jin)步(bu)。數(shu)據不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很不(bu)(bu)(bu)亂。正(zheng)(zheng)常情況(kuang)下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)應該透(tou)明而無(wu)裂紋；球(qiu)泡內要(yao)布(bu)滿溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)氣泡存在(zai)(zai)。玻璃(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)建立一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)對(dui)所(suo)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫離(li)子(zi)活度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)發(fa)生變化(hua)(hua)作出(chu)反應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)差。云儀(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安裝使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之前，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)對(dui)上面(mian)所(suo)提到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題目(mu)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)視，以(yi)(yi)免造(zao)成(cheng)應操(cao)縱(zong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)而導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)偏差。編纂本段校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)方(fang)法(fa) 酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)，任何一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種pH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都(dou)實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必需經由pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)后才可(ke)(ke)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)樣品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)，對(dui)于(yu)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)0.lpH以(yi)(yi)下(xia) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣品(pin)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)極(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)方(fang)法(fa)調整儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)pH6.86或pH7.00尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)緩(huan)沖(chong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。切忌用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)洗滌液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或其(qi)他吸水性(xing)試(shi)(shi)劑浸(jin)洗。另外，pH測(ce)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確性(xing)取決于(yu)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)緩(huan)沖(chong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確性(xing)。酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障及解決辦法(fa)：1.接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，指示(shi)(shi)燈不(bu)(bu)(bu)。(1)若儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)則(ze)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)指示(shi)(shi)燈是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)燒(shao)壞(huai);(2)若儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)則(ze)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)保險ALL是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)熔(rong)新(xin);(3)若保險絲沒有(you)熔(rong)斷(duan)則(ze)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路局(ju)部短(duan)(duan)路而燒(shao)壞(huai)。⒉配制(zhi)(zhi)pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)應使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)次(ci)蒸餾水或者是(shi)(shi)(shi)去(qu)離(li)子(zi)水。 pH值(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)離(li)子(zi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系 從(cong)以(yi)(yi)上對(dui)PH丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理進(jin)行了(le)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析而得知只要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臺毫(hao)伏計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即可(ke)(ke)把PH值(zhi)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)出(chu)來(lai)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)便攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)精(jing)巧裸式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感元件一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)5s-30s即可(ke)(ke)完成(cheng)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，作效率(lv)高。（留意：pH國家尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)質分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)種，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)pH尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)質。⒊丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)時，盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)縮短(duan)(duan)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時間，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后仔細清(qing)洗，防止被(bei)測(ce)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)粘附在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上而污(wu)染(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)加(jia)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)口上所(suo)套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橡膠套(tao)和(he)下(xia)真個(ge)橡皮套(tao)全取下(xia)，以(yi)(yi)保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)內氯化(hua)(hua)鉀溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)差。假如誤差超過(guo)0.02pH，則(ze)重(zhong)復第 (1)、(2)步(bu)驟，直(zhi)至在(zai)(zai)二(er)種尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)需要(yao)調節旋鈕(niu)都(dou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)準(zhun)(zhun)確pHs值(zhi)。酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，目(mu)前實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)。詳細操(cao)縱(zong)步(bu)驟為(wei)(wei)： (1) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)洗凈并甩(shuai)干(gan)，浸(jin)入(ru)pH6.86或pH7.00尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)補償旋鈕(niu)置于(yu)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)處。(3) 酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)掏出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)洗凈并甩(shuai)干(gan)，再浸(jin)入(ru)pH6.86或pH7.00緩(huan)沖(chong)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)。這時，應將電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)浸(jin)入(ru)蒸餾水中(zhong)活化(hua)(hua)幾(ji)個(ge)小(xiao)時；6. 為(wei)(wei)了(le)改(gai)善酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)機能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),每禮拜至少一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)將PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)插入(ru)蒸餾水中(zhong)，每次(ci)幾(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘；7. 在(zai)(zai)更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時，將筆上面(mian)有(you)開(kai)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玄色板，輕(qing)輕(qing)拉出(chu)來(lai)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)拉斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)，可(ke)(ke)看見(jian)4顆1.5V電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，拉出(chu)更換即可(ke)(ke)。6.用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)種尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)互定位(wei)(wei)；檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)信號(hao)發(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)(zhun)。 酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)測(ce)定溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)pH值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。因(yin)此必需劃定在(zai)(zai)pH3～pH10范圍(wei)內檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)，否(fou)則(ze)將無(wu)法(fa)區(qu)別(bie)各種級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)值(zhi)總誤差。因(yin)此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)辨率(lv)再高，儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)確度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)都(dou)難優于(yu)0.01pH。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)酸(suan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)pH最精(jing)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。云儀(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)多(duo)參數(shu)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)，而且顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)更改(gai)，具(ju)(ju)備(bei)錯誤指示(shi)(shi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自動去(qu)識別(bie)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，遲滯量(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)調，光電(dian)(dian)(dian)隔離(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)4-20mA電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)兩(liang)組(zu)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)，控制(zhi)(zhi)執行負(fu)載(zai)（如計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)泵），分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)高點(dian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)低點(dian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。⒍電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)強酸(suan)、強堿或其(qi)他侵(qin)蝕性(xing)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。高點(dian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)數(shu)值(zhi)大(da)于(yu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)吸合(he)(he)，低點(dian)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)數(shu)值(zhi)小(xiao)于(yu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)吸合(he)(he)。（用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玻璃(li)棒引流(liu)） 5、酸(suan)度計定(ding)(ding)容(rong)：加水(shui)到(dao)接近(jin)刻(ke)度2-3厘(li)米時(shi)，改用(yong)膠頭(tou)滴管加蒸(zheng)餾(liu)(liu)水(shui)到(dao)刻(ke)度，這個(ge)操縱叫定(ding)(ding)容(rong)。3.PH計(ji)很長時(shi)間(jian)沒用(yong)，再(zai)次(ci)使用(yong)之前一定(ding)(ding)要(yao)將電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)玻璃球泡放在(zai)氯化鉀(jia)溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)泡1個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)，浸泡時(shi)不(bu)能弄濕(shi)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)接頭(tou)；使用(yong)點(dian)些事(shi)PH計(ji)時(shi)也(ye)要(yao)留意去維護:a. PH計(ji)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)(liu)水(shui)清(qing)洗，清(qing)洗時(shi)不(bu)能弄濕(shi)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接頭(tou);b. PH計(ji)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與儀器(qi)的(de)(de)連接部(bu)門(men)應(ying)保持高度清(qing)潔、干實驗(yan)室PH計(ji)燥。如測定(ding)(ding)含蛋白質的(de)(de)溶(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)pH時(shi)，電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)表面被蛋白質污染(ran)，導致讀數不(bu)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)，也(ye)不(bu)不(bu)亂，泛起誤差，這時(shi)可(ke)(ke)將電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)浸泡在(zai)稀(xi)HCl（0.1mol/L）中(zhong)4－6分鐘(zhong)來矯正。調(diao)節(jie)溫度旋鈕至丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)值(zhi)25oC。酸(suan)度計(ji)用(yong)的(de)(de)尺度緩沖液(ye)，要(yao)求有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)不(bu)亂性(xing)，較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)溫度依靠(kao)性(xing)。⒊丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)濃度較(jiao)大的(de)(de)溶(rong)液(ye)時(shi)，盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)縮短丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)間(jian)，用(yong)后仔細(xi)清(qing)洗，防(fang)止被測液(ye)粘(zhan)附在(zai)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上而(er)污染(ran)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。而(er)且是三點(dian)標(biao)(biao)定(ding)(ding)，不(bu)要(yao)只用(yong)兩(liang)點(dian)標(biao)(biao)。

        堿性尺度溶(rong)液應裝(zhuang)在聚乙烯瓶酸(suan)度計中(zhong)(zhong)密閉保留。正常情況下(xia)(xia)，電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)該透明(ming)而(er)無裂紋；球泡(pao)內要布滿(man)溶液，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能有氣(qi)泡(pao)存在(zai)(zai)。校準(zhun)結束。便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)一般采用(yong)(yong)(yong)提高前(qian)輩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)和入口元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件，體積(ji)小，利(li)便(bian)(bian)(bian)隨處(chu)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)帶；便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)液晶屏幕數字(zi)顯示(shi)，便(bian)(bian)(bian)于(yu)實(shi)驗或(huo)工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)快速(su)讀(du)取(qu)記(ji)實(shi)數值(zhi)；有人也(ye)(ye)說筆試酸度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)很(hen)利(li)便(bian)(bian)(bian)呀，為什么沒(mei)便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)廣(guang)泛呢？不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同于(yu)筆式(shi)(shi)(shi)酸度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)，便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)酸度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PH電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)主機(ji)并未(wei)連(lian)體，在(zai)(zai)清洗(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)利(li)便(bian)(bian)(bian)，而(er)且丈(zhang)量(liang)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)很(hen)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確度(du)(du)是(shi)電(dian)計(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)配套測(ce)試尺(chi)度(du)(du)溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合誤差，它不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅與(yu)(yu)電(dian)計(ji)(ji)有關，而(er)且與(yu)(yu)玻璃電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和參(can)比(bi)(bi)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)更有關。筆試酸度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)屬于(yu)便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)，目前(qian)市(shi)場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類也(ye)(ye)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)多，但他們都(dou)具(ju)有一些共同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征，價(jia)格優(you)惠、體積(ji)小、利(li)便(bian)(bian)(bian)外出(chu)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)帶使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。響應(ying)慢,漂移(yi),電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)噪(zao)音(yin),重復性(xing)(xing)差,這都(dou)是(shi)因為水(shui)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)差,液接(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亂,CO2吸(xi)收等綜合因素(su)引起.做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)純水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丈(zhang)量(liang)1.選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)一支較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PH電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)很(hen)樞紐,這可(ke)以大大改善(shan)測(ce)試機(ji)能;選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)技巧:頭一點(dian),電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)必(bi)需是(shi)雙液皆參(can)比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de).2.盡可(ke)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)Ag/AgCl做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)參(can)比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji),由于(yu)Ag/AgCl做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)參(can)比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)填充液中(zhong)(zhong)含銀離子滲透滲出(chu)出(chu)來時(shi)(shi)(shi),會影響樣(yang)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)性(xing)(xing)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)分析(xi)精度(du)(du)要求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)定時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)兩種(zhong)緩沖溶液（即被測(ce)樣(yang)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)在(zai)(zai)該兩種(zhong)緩沖溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)之間或(huo)接(jie)近）。 在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)一般都(dou)是(shi)按照以下(xia)(xia)方法去操縱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：1. 將便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)保護帽取(qu)下(xia)(xia)來，對準(zhun)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)接(jie)口順時(shi)(shi)(shi)針(zhen)輕輕旋轉至緊(jin)，打(da)開電(dian)源開關，將電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)插入被測(ce)溶液，儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)顯示(shi)該溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)。切忌(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)洗(xi)滌(di)液或(huo)其他吸(xi)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)試劑浸(jin)洗(xi)。云儀(yi)便(bian)(bian)(bian)攜(xie)(xie)(xie)式(shi)(shi)(shi)PH計(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)準(zhun)確校恰是(shi)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，PH計(ji)(ji)校正時(shi)(shi)(shi)將電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)插入PH6.86的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度(du)(du)緩沖溶液中(zhong)(zhong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)專業工(gong)具(ju)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)定位，使儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)顯示(shi)溶液在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)溫度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)稱PH值(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管哪種(zhong)pH計(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)均需用(yong)(yong)(yong)尺(chi)度(du)(du)緩沖液進行(xing)二重點(dian)校對。4.零點(dian)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)將分檔(dang)開關指(zhi)(zhi)向“6”，滾動零點(dian)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)使指(zhi)(zhi)針(zhen)指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)刻度(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)央“1”。⒊丈(zhang)量(liang)濃度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶液時(shi)(shi)(shi)，盡量(liang)縮(suo)短丈(zhang)量(liang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，用(yong)(yong)(yong)后仔(zi)細清洗(xi)，防止被測(ce)液粘附在(zai)(zai)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上而(er)污染電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)。8.實驗室PH計數(shu)(shu)字(zi)式(shi)酸度計(ji)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后顯示的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)缺筆。 (1)儀器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)插(cha)件接(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)(bu)好;(2)儀器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)顯示屏損(sun)壞。待(dai)(dai)讀(du)數(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)亂(luan)后，該讀(du)數(shu)(shu)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)緩(huan)沖溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值(zhi)，否則就(jiu)要調(diao)節定位(wei)(wei)調(diao)節器(qi)。 酸度計(ji)簡稱pH計(ji)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)組(zu)成(cheng)。這時(shi)溫度調(diao)節器(qi)、定位(wei)(wei)調(diao)節器(qi)、斜率(lv)調(diao)節器(qi)都不(bu)(bu)能(neng)再動。7.酸度計(ji)在(zai)直(zhi)接(jie)輸入時(shi)能(neng)正(zheng)常工作(zuo)，但串(chuan)入高阻時(shi)示值(zhi)超(chao)差。假如是(shi)(shi)用于0.1級pH計(ji)丈量，則可以用普通蒸餾(liu)水(shui)。因為采(cai)用最(zui)(zui)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)設計(ji)和(he)(he)固體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)技術，現在(zai)最(zui)(zui)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)pH可分辨出0.005pH單位(wei)(wei)。復(fu)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要傳(chuan)感部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)泡(pao)，球(qiu)(qiu)泡(pao)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)薄，千萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)跟硬物接(jie)觸(chu)。調(diao)節斜率(lv)旋鈕(niu)至最(zui)(zui)大值(zhi)。打開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)套管，用蒸餾(liu)水(shui)洗滌(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)頭部(bu)(bu)(bu)，用吸(xi)水(shui)紙仔細(xi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)頭部(bu)(bu)(bu)吸(xi)干，將(jiang)復(fu)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放入混合(he)磷酸鹽的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺度緩(huan)沖溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)頭部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃球(qiu)(qiu)，輕輕搖勻(yun)，待(dai)(dai)讀(du)數(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)亂(luan)后，調(diao)定位(wei)(wei)旋鈕(niu)，使顯示值(zhi)為該溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)25oC時(shi)尺度PH值(zhi)6.86。甘汞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)使用時(shi)，留意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內要布滿氯化(hua)鉀溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，應(ying)無氣泡(pao)，防止斷路(lu)。把對pH敏感的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)參比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放在(zai)統一(yi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中，就(jiu)組(zu)成(cheng)一(yi)個原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)玻璃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)參比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)數(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)。云儀在(zai)線式(shi)PH計(ji)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)設置方法是(shi)(shi)高低控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點配合(he)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)遲滯量使用。下面就(jiu)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用與維護簡樸作(zuo)一(yi)先(xian)容：⒈復(fu)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)用時(shi)，可充(chong)分浸泡(pao)3M氯化(hua)鉀溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中。將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)酸度(du)計極(ji)(ji)掏出，洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing)、吸干，放入鄰苯二甲酸氫(qing)鉀尺度緩(huan)(huan)沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)中，搖(yao)勻(yun)，待讀(du)數(shu)不(bu)亂后，調節斜率旋鈕，使(shi)顯示值為該(gai)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)25oC時(shi)(shi)尺度PH值4.00。在使(shi)用實驗(yan)室(shi)PH計時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)定(ding)要留意電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)維(wei)護。電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)清洗(xi)后只能(neng)用濾紙輕輕吸干，切(qie)勿(wu)用織物擦抹，這(zhe)會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)產生靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷而導致讀(du)數(shu)錯(cuo)誤。玻(bo)璃(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)重復(fu)性(xing)誤差和參比電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)接界電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢不(bu)亂性(xing)都不(bu)優于0.01pH。玻(bo)璃(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)不(bu)要與強吸水溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)接觸太久，在強堿(jian)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)中使(shi)用應盡快操縱，用畢立刻(ke)用水洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing)，玻(bo)璃(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)球泡膜很薄(bo)，不(bu)能(neng)與玻(bo)璃(li)杯及硬物相碰；玻(bo)璃(li)膜沾上油污時(shi)(shi)，應先用酒精，再(zai)用四氯化碳或乙醚，最后用酒精浸泡，再(zai)用蒸餾(liu)水洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing)。待讀(du)數(shu)不(bu)亂后，該(gai)讀(du)數(shu)應是(shi)(shi)緩(huan)(huan)沖溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)pH值，否(fou)則就要調節定(ding)位調節器。這(zhe)樣看(kan)來其讀(du)數(shu)仍是(shi)(shi)和溫度有很大(da)關系的(de)，室(shi)溫在變化的(de)話這(zhe)個度讀(du)數(shu)仍是(shi)(shi)有變化的(de)。

         有(you)些(xie)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本身精度(du)只有(you)0.2pH或(huo)0.lpH，因此儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)只設(she)(she)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個"定位(wei)"調節旋鈕。丈量樣品(pin)溫(wen)度(du)，并將pH計(ji)(ji)溫(wen)度(du)補償旋鈕調節至該溫(wen)度(du)值 酸度(du)計(ji)(ji)的(de)二點(dian)校(xiao)準對于(yu)(yu)精密級的(de)pH計(ji)(ji)，除了設(she)(she)有(you)"定位(wei)"和"溫(wen)度(du)補償"調節外，還設(she)(she)有(you)電極(ji)"斜率"調節，它就需要用(yong)二種(zhong)尺度(du)緩沖液(ye)進行校(xiao)準。繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)過程中(zhong)，常常碰到(dao)動(dong)作過于(yu)(yu)頻繁(fan)，過于(yu)(yu)敏捷的(de)麻煩，好比當控制點(dian)為9.00時，在(zai)數值在(zai)8.99時繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)沒有(you)動(dong)作，到(dao)9.00時，繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)作。復合電極(ji)一(yi)(yi)般不受(shou)氧化性或(huo)還原性物(wu)質的(de)影響，且平衡速度(du)較快。 ⒉使(shi)用(yong)前(qian)，檢查玻璃電極(ji)前(qian)真個球泡(pao)。(1)檢查儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)濾波電容(rong)是否(fou)(fou)被擊穿;(2)檢查儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)場效應竹(zhu)的(de)輸入電阻是否(fou)(fou)偏低(di);(3)檢查儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電路卞(bian)板是否(fou)(fou)受(shou)潮(chao)或(huo)被腐蝕。 三、pH計(ji)(ji)的(de)準確校(xiao)準pH計(ji)(ji)因電計(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)不同(tong)而(er)類型良多(duo)，其操(cao)縱(zong)步(bu)驟各有(you)不同(tong)，因而(er)pH計(ji)(ji)的(de)操(cao)縱(zong)應嚴格(ge)按(an)照其使(shi)用(yong)仿單準確進行。 按(an)酸度計丈(zhang)量精度(du)上PH計可分0.2級、0.1級、0.01級或(huo)更高(gao)精度(du)。電(dian)(dian)流計的(de)(de)功能(neng)就(jiu)是將(jiang)原電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)放(fang)大若干(gan)倍，放(fang)大了(le)(le)的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)通過電(dian)(dian)表(biao)顯示出，電(dian)(dian)表(biao)指針偏(pian)轉的(de)(de)程度(du)表(biao)示其推動的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)強度(du)，為了(le)(le)使用(yong)上的(de)(de)需(xu)要，pH電(dian)(dian)流表(biao)的(de)(de)表(biao)盤刻有相應的(de)(de)pH數值(zhi)；而數字(zi)式(shi)pH計則(ze)直接以(yi)數字(zi)顯出pH值(zhi)。 云儀在線式(shi)PH計使用(yong)中切勿將(jiang)兩(liang)個(ge)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)數值(zhi)當(dang)一個(ge)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)范圍使用(yong)。丈(zhang)量完畢套上保護帽(mao)，帽(mao)內(nei)放(fang)少(shao)量增(zeng)補(bu)液（3mol/L的(de)(de)氯化鉀(jia)溶液），保持(chi)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)球(qiu)泡(pao)潮濕。 1. 實驗室PH計的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)不能(neng)用(yong)于強酸、強堿或(huo)其他(ta)侵蝕性溶液；2. 嚴禁在脫水(shui)(shui)性介質如無水(shui)(shui)乙醇(chun)、重鉻酸鉀(jia)實驗室PH計等中使用實驗室PH計；3. PH計電極清洗后，不要用濾紙擦拭玻璃膜，而應用濾紙吸干,避免損壞玻璃薄膜、防止交叉污染，影響丈量精度；4. 丈量中留意電極的銀―氯化銀內參比電極應浸入到球泡內氯化物緩沖溶液中，避免電計顯示部門泛起數字亂跳現象。這里統在線式PH計計的數據為現有所有便攜式PH計的長處。
...